verbs

• ἀλλάττω, ἀλλάξω, ἤλλαξα,

  ἤλλαχα, ἤλλαγμαι,

  ἠλλάχθην/ἠλλάγην mid+acc or gen

  change (for myself); take (something [acc]) in exchange for (something [gen])
• γράφω, γράψω, ἔγραψα,

  γέγραφα, γέγραμμαι,

  ἐγράφην mid


  indict
• κομίζω, κομιῶ, ἐκόμισα,

  κεκόμικα, κεκόμισμαι,

  ἐκομίσθην mid

  acquire
• παιδεύω, παιδεύσω, ἐπαίδευσα,

  πεπαίδευκα, πεπαίδευμαι,

  ἐπαιδεύθην mid

  have someone taught
• πείθω, πείσω, ἔπεισα, πέπεικα/

  πέποιθα, πέπεισμαι, ἐπείσθην mid +dat

  obey; perfect +dat = trust
• προσποιέω mid +inf

  pretend (to)
• τρέπω, τρέψω, ἔτρεψα,

  τέτροφα, τέτραμμαι,

  ἐτρέφθην mid or pass

  betake oneself, move
• φυλάττω, φυλάξω, ἐφύλαξα,

  πεφύλαχα, πεφύλαγμαι,

  ἐφυλάχθην mid


  be on guard against
• φυλάττω, φυλάξω, ἐφύλαξα,

  πεφύλαχα, πεφύλαγμαι,

  ἐφυλάχθην (with εἰς + acc.)

  look at
• γελάω, γελάσομαι, ἐγέλασα, —, —,

  ἐγελάσθην (with

  ἐπί + dat.)

  laugh at, ridicule
• δουλεύω, δουλεύσω, ἐδούλευσα,

  δεδούλευκα, δεδούλευμαι,

  ἐδουλεύθην (+ dat.)


  be a slave (to), serve
• εἰμί (third-pers. sg. with acc. + infin.)

  it is possible (to)
• ἔσχον (aorist ἔχω)

  I got hold of
• μένω, μενῶ, ἔμεινα, μεμένηκα,

  —, — (+acc.)

  wait for
• principal parts

  1st - present active indicative; 2nd - future active indicative; 3rd - first aorist active indicative; 4th - perfect active indicative; 5th - perfect mid/pass indicative; 6th - first aorist pass indicative
• future perfect verbs

  future perfect tense of εἰμί combined with a perfect participle; relatively rare
• active participles

  verbal adjectives; used 3rd declension endings for masculine and neuter forms, and 1st declension switch endings for the feminine forms
• mid/pass participles

  used 2nd declension endings for masculine and neuter forms and 1st declension η endings for feminine forms
• participle tense

  relative to that of the main verb according to sequence of tenses
• attributive participles

  translated as relative clauses
• circumstantial participles

  predicate position; join the noun the describe the circumstances under which the sentence's main action takes place
• deponent verbs

  look mid/pass, always active; middle deponents have an aorist middle; passive deponents have an aorist passive; must be learned from principal parts
• the subjunctive mood

  indicates that the action is conceivable but not actual; translated with may, would, might; tenses show aspect not time; primary endings with lengthened thematic vowel; aorist subjunctives never augmented
• independent uses of the subjunctive

  hortatory, prohibitive, deliberative
• hortatory subjunctive

  operates like a first person imperative; urge to do something; μή for negative; present - continue to; aorist - on this occasion
• prohibitive subjunctive

  aorist subjunctive in the 2nd or 3rd person preceded with μή operates as a negative imperative; preferred over aorist imperative
• deliberative subjunctive

  1st person in a question; indicates deliberation; negative uses μή; present - habitually; aorist - on this occasion
• the optative mood

  for future events that may, can, or should happen; tenses show aspect not time; independent uses do not apply to future or future perfect tenses; uses secondary endings; thematic vowels
• independent uses of the optative

  wishes and potential
• optative wishes

  express a wish or a curse; may or may not be capable of fulfillment; often introduced by εἴθε or εἰ γάρ (if only, would that); negatives use μή; present - continuation; aorist - on this occasion
• potential optative

  particle ἄν indicates potentiality; negatives use οὐ; ἄν generally comes right after the verb; present - continuation/habitually; aorist - starting/on this occasion
• αἱρέω, αἱρήσω, εἷλον (stem = ἑλ-),

  ᾕρηκα, ᾕρηµαι, ᾑρέθην (mid)

  choose
• ἀγαπάω, ἀγαπήσω, ἠγάπησα,

  ἠγάπηκα, ἠγάπηµαι, ἠγαπήθην (+inf or supp part)

  be fond of, be content to
• οὔ φηµι

  deny
• αἰσθάνοµαι, αἰσθήσοµαι,

  ᾐσθόµην, —, ᾔσθηµαι, — (+acc or gen)

  perceive, sense
• πυνθάνοµαι, πεύσοµαι,

  ἐπυθόµην, —, πέπυσµαι, — (+gen or acc)

  inquire (gen), learn (about), hear (about)
• µανθάνω, µαθήσοµαι, ἔµαθον,

  µεµάθηκα, —, — (+inf)

  learn how to
• δεῖ, δεήσει, ἐδέησε(ν), —, —, — (+gen) or (+acc & inf)

  there is need of, it is necessary to, one must
• δοκέω, δόξω, ἔδοξα, —,

  δέδογµαι, ἐδόχθην (+comp inf) or (3rd s + subj inf)

  seem to, it seems to, it seems good to
• ἔξεστι(ν), ἐξέσται, —, —,—, — (+dat & inf)

  it is possible to