maintaining environment

• Physical factors may affect the distribution of organisms
• Living factors can also have an effect on the distribution of organisms
• Distribution


  The way in which organisms are spread out across a given area
• Sampling


  A method used to investigate the distribution of organisms
• Abiotic factors

  • Oxygen
  • Light
  • Temperature
  • Moisture
  • Soil pH
  • Climate
• Biotic factors


  • Food
  • Disease
  • Predators
  • Breeding partners
  • Pollinators
  • Predation
• Mark-capture-recapture

  1. Catch sample

  2. Mark with a spot

  3. Release

  4. Catch another sample

  5. Count marked ones
• Total population can be estimated using the formula: Total caught 1st time x total caught 2nd time / Number of marked ones caught 2nd time
• Net is used to catch animals such as butterflies or fish
• Poster is a container with a mechanism used to trap small animals
• Pitfall traps are containers buried in the ground
• Kick sampling involves kicking a riverbank
• Tree beating involves shaking a tree to collect organisms
• Estimating population using quadrats

  1. Calculate mean and area of quadrat

  2. Divide area of field by area of quadrat

  3. Multiply by mean
• Conservation is the study and protection of biodiversity and natural ecosystems
• Threats to biodiversity

  • Destruction
  • Pollution
  • Introduction of new species
  • Agriculture
  • Hunting
• In situ conservation


  Conservation within natural habitats
• Ex situ conservation


  Conservation outside of natural habitats