Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table

• Define Atom


  THey are neutral and have the same number of protons and electrons
• Define Ion


  An atom that has different number of protons and electrons
• What is an Isotope?

  An isotope is a diffeent form of an element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
• What is the equation for relative atomic mass?


  sum of isotope mass x isotope abundance / 100.
• Describe the way a student would do a chromotography practicaL

  Draw a line in pencil at the bottomof the filter paper in pencil

  Add a spot of ink on the line and place in solvent

  Make sure ink isnt touching the solvent

  Place a lid on so solvent doesnt evaporate

  Solvent then seeps through paper

  Each dye moves at a different rate and seperate along the paper

  Leave the paper to dry
• Outline how to obtain pure, dry, crystals of the soluble

  salt copper sulfate from the insoluble metal oxide and dilute acid


  Add excess copper oxide to sulphuric acid in a beaker

  Heat the mixture then filter out the excess copper oxide

  Then pour the solution in an evaporating basin

  Then heat under a bunsen burner until the solution is more concentrated

  Then wait until crystals start to form then let cool
• Who made the plum pudding model?

  J.J Thomson
• Who made the nuclear model?

  Rutherford and Marsden
• Who made the current nuclear model?


  Bohr
• What is the plum pudding model?


  Where the atom is presented as a ball of positive charge with electrons stuck in it.
• How are elements arranged in the modern periodic table?

  Based on atomic number
• How were elements arranged in the old periodic table

  By atomic mass
• Why is pencil used on the filter paper?

  As pencil lead is insoluble and the ink of a pen would mix and change the results
• What are the properties of metals?

  Strong but malleable

  Condcts heat and electricity

  HIgh boiling and melting points
• Properties of non metals

  Brittle

  Dont conduct electricity

  Low density
• What ions do metals form?

  Positive ions
• Properties of Transition metals

  They are colourful

  Make good catalysts
• What are the trends as you go down Group 1?

  Increasing reactivity

  Lower melting and boiling points

  Higher atomic mass
• What is ionisation?


  When an atom gains or loses electrons
• Who discovered the plum puding model?

  J.J Thompson
• What did Rutherfords scattering experiment show?


  That most of an atom is empty space