10.4 & 10.6

• Adaptations of endotherms in warm temperatures

  • Vasodilation of arterioles
  • Sweating from glands
  • Panting/licking
  • Insulation using fur or subcutaneous fat
  • Fat storage limited to specific areas
  • Behavioural mechanisms like nocturnal activity
  • Structural features like a slim torso and large extremities
• Regulation of body fluids

  1. Osmoregulation

  2. Excretion
• Osmoregulation


  The maintenance of a constant solute and water balance
• Excretion


  Removal of metabolic waste material
• Water distribution in multicellular organisms

  • Transport medium
  • Extracellular fluid
  • Intracellular fluid