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Marine
Weather and climate
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Indi Boylson
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Cards (37)
Climate
The average or long-term weather conditions for a
larger
region
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This is the result of
years
of research and
data recording
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Effects of Climate Change
Sea
Level Rises
Marine
Heatwaves
Loss of Marine
Biodiversity
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Warming
temperatures have caused increasing ice melt in our
polar
regions
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Marine heatwaves
cause widespread
coral bleaching
and reef degeneration
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Rising
temperatures increase the risk of irreversible loss of marine and
coastal
ecosystems
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Weather
The
atmospheric conditions
at any one place, at any one time
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Atmospheric pressure
The pressure exerted by the weight of the
air
on the
earth’s surface
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Atmospheric
pressure
Measured in
hectopascals
(hPa)
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Isobars
Lines on a
weather
map that connect points of equal
atmospheric
pressure
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Isobars
Help meteorologists identify areas of
high
and
low
pressure
Key indicators of
weather
patterns
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Synoptic charts
Provide a snapshot of the weather experienced at a
particular
place at a certain
time
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Synoptic
charts
Show
air pressure
, air masses and fronts, cloud cover, wind speed, wind direction and
rainfall
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This information allows us to make predictions relating to temperature,
humidity
,
ocean conditions
and the likely weather for the next few days
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High
pressure systems
Occurs where
atmospheric
pressure is greater than
1010hPa
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High pressure systems
Characterized by light winds, clear skies and dry weather
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High
pressure cells
Occur where atmospheric pressure
increases
towards the
center
of the system
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High
pressure cells
The air at the
center
of the cell descends and moves
outwards
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High pressure
Weather
Light
winds,
clear
skies and dry weather<|>Greater diurnal temperature difference<|>Frost likely in winter
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Low
pressure systems
Occur with
pressures
of less than
1010hPa
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Low
pressure systems
Often associated with stronger winds,
cloudy
skies and
rain
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Trough
An extension of
low
pressure from a
low-pressure
system
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Low
pressure cells
Occur where atmospheric pressure
decreases
towards the
center
of the system
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Low
pressure cells
The air at the center of the cell is pulled
inwards
and
ascends
Winds move
clockwise
in the southern hemisphere and
anticlockwise
in the northern hemisphere
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Weather in
Low Pressure
Systems
Strong winds
,
cloudy skies
, rain<|>Lower diurnal temperature range<|>Frost is unlikely
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Tropical cyclones
A very intense
low-pressure
system
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Tropical cyclones
Generate very strong
winds
, produce rough
seas
and heavy rains
Widespread
damage occurs if they make
landfall
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Wind
The movement of air masses from
high
pressure areas to
low
pressure areas
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The effect of this movement of air is to
rebalance
the
pressure
in the atmosphere
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Wind speed and direction
Can be observed on a
synoptic chart
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The closer together the
isobars
, the greater the difference in
pressure
will be
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This means that the
winds
will be
stronger
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Wind indicators
The
shaft
indicates the direction from which the
wind
is coming
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The
black dot
is the place that is experiencing the
windy conditions
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Local Winds
Seabreeze
Land breeze
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Seabreeze
Air
above the land warms, becomes
less
dense, causing it to rise
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Land breeze
Air above the
sea
, being
warmer
than that above the land, begins to rise
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