hydrocarbon

• Biochemistry - study of chemical processes within and related to living organisms
• Biochemistry - combination of biology and chemistry
• Biochemistry - examines macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids
• Atoms - basic unit of matter consisting of nucleus (protons and neutrons) and electron
• Molecules - combination of atoms bounded together (e.g. H2O, CO2)
• Enzymes - are biological catalyst that speed up chemical reaction in the body
• Enzymes - are crucial for processes such as digestion and metabolism
• Carbohydrates - are essential energy sources and structural components of cells
• Carbohydrates - classified into simple sugar and complex carbohydrates
• Catalyst - any substance that increase the rate of a reaction without itself being consumed
• Proteins - are complex macromolecules that play crucial roles virtually every biological process
• Proteins - essential for drug development and understanding disease mechanism
• Lipids - are diverse group of hydrophobic molecules that includes fats, oils , phospholipids
• Lipids - are vital for farming cell membranes storing energy and signaling
• Hormones - are organic substances secreted by plants and animals that function in the regulation of physiological activities and in maintaining homeostasis
• Nucleotides - are organic molecules composed of nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar a and a phosphate
• Nucleotides - serve as monimer units of nucleic acid polymers, (DNA, RNA)
• Metabolic pathways - metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism. These reaction are organized into pathways that convert substances into products providing energy and building blocks for cellular process
• Organic - in late 1800s this meant matter from living things
• Inorganic - in late 1800s this meant matter from non living systems
• Organic compounds - a type of compound in which carbon atoms are nearly always bonded to each other
• Inorganic compounds - a type of compound that includes carbonates, cyanides, carbides, and oxides of carbon along with all compounds that do not contain carbon atoms
• Isomers - same molecular formula but atoms in different arrangements ( same numbers but different arrangements)
• Stereoisomer - molecules with same molecular formula and sequence of atoms but they differ in the three dimensional orientation if their atoms
• Diastereomer - stereoisomer based on the presence of a double bond
• Enantiomer - stereoisomer that are mirror images of each other
• Hydrocarbons - are composed of only carbon and hydrogen, the different classes are: alkanes , alkenes, alkynes , cyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons
• Alkanes - contain only single carbon bonds
• Alkenes - contain one or more double bonds
• Alkyne - contain one or more triple bonds
• Cyclic hydrocarbons - contain carbon based ring structure (diamond or bahay) most are alkenes or alkanes
• Aromatic hydrocarbons - are derived from benzene (diamond na piatos na may circle sa loob)
• Hydrocarbons - are non polar (not soluble in water)
• Meth - root name of 1 carbon atom
• Eth - root name of 2 carbon atoms
• Prop - root name of 3 carbon atoms
• But - root name of 4 carbon atoms
• Pent - root name of 5 carbon atoms
• Hex - root name of 6 carbon atoms
• Hept - root name of 7 carbon atoms