HISTORY OF INTERNET 9

• J.C.R. Licklider


  • created the idea of universal network
  • one of the "fathers of the internet"
• Paul Baran and Donald Davies - they developed the concept of packet switching
• Baran : RAND Corporation
• Davies: National Physical Laboratory in UK
• packet-switching


  • breaking of data into packets for transmission across a network
  • this concept became foundational for ARPANET
• ARPANET stands for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
• ARPANET


  • first packet-switching network and the direct precursor to the internet
  • first network to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite
• ARPANET was developed by the US Department of Defense
• October 29, 1969 - when the first message was sent over ARPANET
• University of California, Los Angeles - Sender of the first message in ARPANET
• Stanford Research Institute - Receiver of the first message in ARPANET
• LO - first message sent over the Internet
• End of 1969, 4 nodes were connected: UCLA, SRI, UCSB, University of Utah
• Ray Tomlinson - invented email
• @ - separates the user's name from the host computer's name
• Email


  • one of the most popular applications on ARPANET
  • enabled quick, asynchronous, communication distances
• Vinton Cerf


  • co-designed the TCP/IP protocols
  • "Father of the Internet"
• TCP and IP - enabled reliable data transmission across interconnected networks and remain the core protocols of the internet today
• TCP and IP was developed in 1970s
• TCP and IP protocols are developed by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn
• TCP and IP was adopted by ARPANET in 1983
• Internet Protocol - responsible for addressing and routing packets of data from the source to the destination across multiple networks
• Transmission Control Protocol - ensures that data is transmitted reliable and in the correct order from one device to another over an IP network
• Tim Berners-Lee


  • invented the world wide web
  • british computer scientist
• World Wide Web - first websited, hosted on a CERN server
• CERN: European Council for Nuclear Research
• Core Technologies: HTML, HTTP, URL
• Web Browser: Erwise(1992), Netscape(1995), Internet Explorer 1(1995), Mozilla(1998)
• Erwise - played a significant role in the early decelopment of the world wide web
• Dial-up Internet - early method of connecting to the internet using a standard telephone line and a modem
• Dial-up Internet was widely used in the late 1980s and early 2000s.