Introduction

• What is immunohematology commonly known as?

  It is a branch of hematology.
• What does immunohematology study?

  It studies antigen-antibody reactions and their relation to blood disorders.
• What is one of the main purposes of immunohematology?

  Preparation of blood and blood components for transfusion.
• What does blood banking refer to?

  It refers to the process of collecting, storing, and processing blood.
• What is transfusion medicine concerned with?

  It is concerned with the transfusion of blood and blood components.
• When was the first recorded blood transfusion?

  In 1492.
• Who received blood from three different individuals in 1492?

  Pope Innocent VII.
• What was the principal obstacle to overcome in early blood transfusions?

  Clotting.
• Who used antiseptics to control infection during transfusions in 1867?

  Joseph Lister.
• What significant finding was made in 1869 regarding blood transfusions?

  A non-toxic anticoagulant was found.
• What did Braxton Hicks recommend in 1869?


  Finding a non-toxic anticoagulant.
• What did US physicians transfuse between 1873 and 1880?

  Milk from cows, goats, and humans.
• What significant discovery was made in 1901?

  The ABO Blood Group system.
• What does Landsteiner's Law state about agglutinogens and agglutinins?

  If an agglutinogen is present on red blood cell membrane, the corresponding agglutinin must be absent in the plasma.
• What was discovered in 1902?

  The blood type AB.
• Who suggested that the safety of transfusion might be improved by crossmatching in 1907?

  Ludvig Hektoen.
• What method did Alexis Carrel devise in 1908?


  A way to prevent clotting by sewing the vein of the recipient directly to the artery of the donor.
• What is anastomosis?


  It is the direct method of connecting a vein to an artery.
• What did Moreschi describe in 1908?

  The AHG reaction for visualizing Ag-Ab reactions.
• What did Von Dungern and Hirszfel do in 1911?

  They divided group A into 2 subgroups.
• What did Roger Lee and Paul Dudley White develop in 1912?

  The Lee-White clotting time.
• Who was the first to successfully perform a blood transfusion in 1913?

  Edward E. Lindemann.
• What significant accomplishment in blood transfusion was achieved in 1914?

  Albert Hustin reported the use of sodium citrate as an anticoagulant solution.
• What did Lewisohn determine in 1915?

  The minimum amount of citrate needed for anticoagulation.
• What was developed in 1916 to enhance the metabolism of RBCs?


  Preservative solutions.
• Who introduced a citrate-dextrose solution for blood preservation in 1916?

  Francis Rous and Turner.
• What blood group system was discovered between 1927 and 1947?

  The MNSs and P blood group system.
• What was better understood about RBC membranes in the 1930s?

  Their metabolism, deformability, and permeability.
• When was the first hospital-based blood depot established?

  In 1932.
• Who established the first hospital blood bank in the US in 1937?

  Bernard Fantus.
• What term did Bernard Fantus originate in 1937?

  The term "blood bank."
• What stimulated blood preservation research during World War II?

  The increased demand for blood and plasma.
• Who was appointed director of the first American Red Cross Blood Bank in 1941?

  Dr. Drew.
• What blood group system was discovered between 1939 and 1940?

  The Rh blood group system.
• Who developed cold ethanol fractionation in 1940?

  Edwin Cohn.
• What components were isolated through cold ethanol fractionation?

  Albumin, gamma globulin, and fibrinogen.
• Who developed the first blood container in 1940?

  John Elliott.
• What preservative formula was introduced in 1943?

  The formula for ACD.
• What did Coombs, Mourant, and Race describe in 1945?

  The use of antihuman globulin, known as the “Coombs Test.”
• When was the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) formed?

  In 1947.