The birth of nazism (Emergeance)

• Trotsky


  Disagreed with Lenin over his communist ideas, believing they would allow a leader to become a dictator
• Marxism-Leninism


  What Stalin himself had to say about certain issues
• Stalin rejected the goal of socialist democracy


  Instead established a one-party state
• Fascism


  • Described as ultra-nationalism
  • Committed to the destruction of all independent parties and working-class organizations
• Fascism was founded in Italy in 1915 by members of Mussolini’s party
• Fascism could have been around earlier due to reactions against 18th-century liberal ideas of the Enlightenment and 19th-century positivism
• Difference between fascist regimes

  Their racist qualities
• Authoritarian regime


  Arises when conservative regimes impose undemocratic measures to neutralize mass political organizations
• This definition of authoritarian regime could be propaganda from America in the 50s and 60s (Cold War)
• Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated

  9 November 1918
• A new socialist government under Friedrich Ebert signed an armistice to end the war in November 1918
• The new socialist government drew up a democratic constitution in 1919 in the town of Weimar
• Many Nationalists saw the new government

  As a betrayal
• Treaty of Versailles consequences for Germany

  • Lost 13% of its territory
  • Lost all its colonies
  • Restricted military forces
  • Demilitarised Rhineland
  • Land given to Poland, dividing East Prussia
• Treaty of Versailles consequences

  Caused many ethnic Germans to live outside its borders
• Treaty of Versailles consequences


  Caused Germany to claim responsibility for the entirety of WWI and Inflation
• Weimar Constitution


  Based on proportional representation
• The Spartacus League attempted to overthrow the Republic in January 1919
• Communists caused trouble in 1920 and 1923
• Military coups troubling the republic


  • Kapp Putsch of March 1920
  • White Terror of 1920-22
• In 1923, the French and Belgians invaded the Ruhr


  After Germany could not meet demands for reparations
• The government overprinted money


  Created hyperinflation due to lack of production
• The loss of value in savings caused lasting damage, relying on the Dawes Plan of 1924
• The USA had to recall its loans in 1929
• NSDAP


  The party which would fall under Hitler’s rule
• Hitler was sent to spy on left-wing political groups for the authorities but found the NSDAP interesting and decided to join
• Hitler's contributions to NSDAP

  Gave the party a new name, its drive, and a 25-point program
• By the end of 1923, the party had 55,000 members
• Hitler was inspired by Mussolini’s 1922 March on Rome


  On November 8, 1923, the Nazis interrupted a political meeting in a Munich beer cellar
• Hitler forced Bavarian leaders


  To agree to his plan to march on Berlin and establish a government
• On November 9, Hitler and General Erich Ludendorff led 2000 Nazis through Munich, before getting caught in fire
• Hitler was arrested on 11 November
• In 1924, the Nazis changed tactics


  By tightening party discipline and contesting Reichstag elections
• The SS was founded in 1925-26 as Hitler’s bodyguard
• New party organizations were created for women, students, the youth, and teachers
• By December 1929, membership had risen to 178,000
• After the Great Depression


  The “Grand Coalition” became powerless as unemployment soared from 2 million in 1929 to 6 million in 1932
• Soaring unemployment fueled fire for the Nazis


  They claimed to be a national party that would keep out communism, uphold law and order, return to traditional middle-class values, and restore national strength
• In the 1928 elections, Nazis obtained 12 seats
• In the elections of September 1930, the Nazis obtained 107 seats