origin of psych

• Psychology had its roots in philosophy and biology
• Wundt opened the world's first experimental laboratory at the university of Leipzig


  1879
• Wundt's contribution to psychology

  Marked a turning point: psychology's emergence as a separate and distinct scientific discipline
• Introspection


  A systematic analysis of one’s own conscious experiences of a standard stimulus, then reporting the experience
• A standard stimulus Wundt used was often a metronome
• Components of inward experience analysed by Wundt

  • Sensations
  • Emotional reaction
  • Mental images
• Wundt's research


  • Systematic analysis
  • Same stimulus with same surroundings and instructions
  • Participants were highly trained
• Structuralism


  An approach that aimed to uncover the structure of the mind by breaking thoughts down into separate elements
• Wundt wrote the first textbook of psychology (Principles of Physiological Psychology, 1873-4)
• Wundt set up the first laboratory of experimental psychology in 1875
• Wundt used the scientific method to study the structure of sensation and perception
• Wundt showed that introspection could be used to study mental states in replicable laboratory experiments
• Wundt paved the way for later scientifically controlled research into psychology
• Wundt’s work was criticised by later behaviourist learning theorists


  They thought that internal mental processes could not be scientifically studied by introspection
• Behaviourist learning theorists


  Focused only on observable inputs (stimuli) and outputs (behaviour)
• The study of mental processes was later continued by cognitive psychologists
• Cognitive psychologists


  • Built models of how systems such as memory worked
  • Used experimentation, not introspection
• The humanist school of psychology appeared at around the same time as Bandura, rejecting the idea of studying humans in a scientific way
• He paved the way for later scientifically controlled research into psychology
• Wundt’s work


  Criticised by later behaviourist learning theorists who thought that internal mental processes could not be scientifically studied by introspection
• Behaviourist learning theorists


  • Focused only on observable inputs (stimuli)
  • Focused only on observable outputs (behaviour)
• Cognitive psychologists


  Continued the study of mental processes by building models of how systems such as memory worked using experimentation, not introspection
• Wundt's work began


  1879
• Freud's work with introspection


  1890s
• Behaviourists


  • Pavlov
  • Watson
  • Skinner
• Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner suggested that to give psychology greater credibility and comparable to other sciences it should measure objectively and use scientific methods like laboratory experiments
• Bandura introduced SLT talking about the impact of social interactions on our behaviour


  1960s
• Humanist school of psychology


  Rejected the idea of studying humans in a scientific way
• Cognitive psychology developed from the 1960s onwards and sees the mind as a computer
• Biological psychology as we know it emerged in the 1990s
• Cognitive neuroscience


  The most modern form of psychology