Stage one (obedience and punishment orientation) involves obeying rules to avoid being punished or rewarded by others.
Stage two (instrumental relativism) focuses on personal gain and self-interest without considering moral principles.
Stage three (authority and social order maintaining morality) emphasizes following authority figures and societal norms as a means of avoiding conflict and promoting stability.
Aims?
gather further support for his view of moral development
Design?
longnitudinal, cross - cultural, quasi
sample?
75 American boys, 10-16 observed for 12yrs
Materials?
open and closed questions
Results?
age 10 - stage 1
age 24 - stage 6
stage 1 at 10 common for most countries
stage 6 rarely found
Conc?
moral reasoning develops with age in fixed sequence
stage sequence not only American phenomenon
What is the pre-conventional level in Kohlberg's theory?
- First level of moral reasoning
- Typically associated with children, but some adults may reason at this level
- Moral reasoning is based on external consequences
What is the conventional level in Kohlberg's theory?
- Second level of moral reasoning
- Typically associated with adolescents and adults
- Moral reasoning is based on social norms and expectations
What is the post-conventional level in Kohlberg's theory?
- Highest level of moral reasoning
- Typically associated with a minority of adults
- Moral reasoning is based on abstract reasoning and universal ethical principles