Kohlberg

    Cards (12)

    • Stage one (obedience and punishment orientation) involves obeying rules to avoid being punished or rewarded by others.
    • Stage two (instrumental relativism) focuses on personal gain and self-interest without considering moral principles.
    • Stage three (authority and social order maintaining morality) emphasizes following authority figures and societal norms as a means of avoiding conflict and promoting stability.
    • Aims?
      gather further support for his view of moral development
    • Design?
      longnitudinal, cross - cultural, quasi
    • sample?
      75 American boys, 10-16 observed for 12yrs
    • Materials?
      open and closed questions
    • Results?
      age 10 - stage 1
      age 24 - stage 6
      stage 1 at 10 common for most countries
      stage 6 rarely found
    • Conc?
      moral reasoning develops with age in fixed sequence
      stage sequence not only American phenomenon
    • What is the pre-conventional level in Kohlberg's theory?
      - First level of moral reasoning - Typically associated with children, but some adults may reason at this level - Moral reasoning is based on external consequences
    • What is the conventional level in Kohlberg's theory?
      - Second level of moral reasoning - Typically associated with adolescents and adults - Moral reasoning is based on social norms and expectations
    • What is the post-conventional level in Kohlberg's theory?
      - Highest level of moral reasoning - Typically associated with a minority of adults - Moral reasoning is based on abstract reasoning and universal ethical principles
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