Mod 4

Cards (251)

  • Module 2: Organisation of Living Things
  • Order of organisation
    1. Atom
    2. Molecule
    3. Cell
    4. Tissue
    5. Organ
    6. System
    7. Organism
    8. Population
    9. Community
    10. Ecosystem
    11. Biosphere
    12. Species
  • Life classified into three domains
    • Archaea
    • Bacteria
    • Eukaryotes
  • Unicellular organisms
    • Composed of one cell
    • Complete all functions of life
    • Small size for efficient transport
  • Colonial organisms
    • Collection of unicellular organisms
    • Capable of living independently
    • Perform the same functions
  • Multicellular organisms
    • Collection of differentiated cells
    • Cells perform specific functions
    • No cells can survive independently
  • Examples of unicellular organisms
    • Bacteria
    • Archaea
    • Protozoa
    • Yeast
  • Cell differentiation
    Process by which cells become specialised to perform different functions
  • Stem cells are undifferentiated cells
  • Pluripotent cells
    Cells that give rise to all cell types in the body
  • Structure and specialisation of a cell are related to its function
  • Organelles
    • Components within the cell that carry out specialized functions
  • Examples of organelles
    • Chloroplast
    • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplasts capture solar energy
    Convert it into glucose
  • Mitochondria generate energy
    Produce ATP through respiration
  • Multicellular organisms have variation in organelle number and type based on cell specialization
  • Cells may be flattened or elongated to increase surface area to volume ratio
  • Specialised transport systems are required for large multicellular organisms
  • Surface area to volume ratio affects diffusion efficiency
  • Cell differentiation and specialisation
    • Cells become structurally suited to carry out different functions
    • Increases effectiveness due to division of labour
  • Undifferentiated cells can divide and differentiate into other types of cells
  • Stem cells
    • Undifferentiated cells
    • Differentiate to form specialised cells
  • The type of cell formed from stem cells is determined by location and genes
  • Types of autotrophs
    • Photoautotrophs
    • Chemoautotrophs
  • Autotrophs
    Organisms that produce their own food
  • Heterotrophs
    Organisms that obtain nutrition by consuming other organisms
  • Cells make tissue
  • Study material date
    16/08/2024
  • Autotrophs
    Organisms that can produce own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
  • Heterotrophs
    Cannot produce their own food and obtain nutrition and energy through consuming other organisms
  • Types of heterotrophs
    • Herbivores
    • Carnivores
    • Omnivores
    • Decomposers
    • Scavengers
  • Types of autotrophs
    • Photoautotrophs
    • Chemoautotrophs
  • Photoautotrophs
    • Carry out photosynthesis using sunlight energy
  • Chemoautotrophs
    • Obtain energy from inorganic chemical reactions
  • Vascular plants
    • Have true roots, stems, and leaf system
  • Non-vascular plants
    • Lack true roots, stems, and leaf system
  • Macroscopic structures
    Structures that can be seen with the naked eye
  • Microscopic structures
    Structures that can only be seen using a microscope
  • Macroscopic structures of plants
    • Root system
    • Shoot system
    • Flower
    • Fruit
    • Stem
    • Leaves
  • Stamen
    Male component of the flower (anther and filament)