PPT PLANT TISSUE

• PLANT TISSUES

  A) permanent tissues

  B) meristematic tissues

  C) origin

  D) position

  E) simple pt

  F) complex pt

  G) promeristem

  H) primary meristem

  I) secondary meristem

  J) apical meristem

  K) intercalary meristem

  L) lateral meristem

  M) parenchyma

  N) collenchyma

  O) schlerenchyma

  P) dermal tissues

  Q) ground tissues

  R) vascular tissues

  
• MERISTEMATIC TISSUE

  • Derived from Greek meristos - "Divided" 
  • Unspecialized cells that can divided indefinitely to produce new cells
  • Meristems is the region where meristematic cells dwell
  • Meristem are region where cells continue to divide and grow often throughout the life of the plant
  • Meristematic tissues are usually found at the apex of root and shoot

  
• LOCATION OF MERISTEMATIC TISSUE

  A) lateral bud

  B) cork cambium

  C) vascular cambium

  D) root apical meristem

  E) root cap

  F) root apical meristem

  G) root hairs

  H) lateral bud primordia

  I) leaf primordia

  
• CHARACTERISTIC OF MERISTEMATIC TISSUE

  • They are living and have thin walled
  • Vacuoles are few and small in size
  • Cells contain dense protoplasm and conspicuous nuclei
  • Cells are spherical, oval or polygonal in shape
  • Do not store reserve food materials and are in an active state of metabolism

  
• CLASSIFICATION OF MERISTEM

  A) promeristem

  B) primary meristem

  C) secondary meristem

  D) apical meristem

  E) intercalary meristem

  F) lateral meristem

  
• PROMERISTEM

  • Early embryonic meristem from which other advanced meristems are derived
  • Their function is to produce the cells of the primary meristems
  • In Plants, it occupies a small area at the tip of stem and root
  • It is composed of Initials
  • Continuous division is the characteristic of initials
  • It divide further to form primary meristem

  A) apical meristem

  B) leaf primordia

  C) ground meristem

  
• PRIMARY MERISTEMS

  • Derived from promeristem
  • Give rise to the primary tissue systems
  • They are present below the promeristem at shoot and root apex
  • These cells divide and form permanent tissues
  • Derived from primary meristem permanent tissues that have the capacity of division
  • Form meristematic tissues (cambium)

  A) protoderm

  B) procambium

  C) ground meristem

  
• SECONDARY MERISTEM

  • Derived from primary meristem permanent tissues that have the capacity of division
  • • Form meristematic tissues (cambium)
  • Vascular cambium - responsible for the secondary thickening of plant organs
  • Cork cambium - which produce the periderm, - secondary dermal tissues

  A) vascular cambium

  B) cork cambium

  
• CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE ORIGIN IN THE PLANT BODY

  • PROMERISTEM
  • PRIMARY MERISTEM
  • SECONDARY MERISTEM
• APICAL MERISTEMS

  • Apical meristem produce primary meristems:
  • Protoderm 
  • Ground meristem
  • Procambium
  • The tissues they produce are called primary tissues

  A) protoderm

  B) ground meristem

  C) procambium

  D) epidermis

  E) prenchyma

  F) collenchyma

  G) sclerenchyma

  H) xylem

  I) phloem

  J) vascular

  
• APICAL MERISTEMS

  • Located at the tips of root and shoots of plants
  • Primary growth
  • Increase plant length but also producing new leaves and plant

  A) vascular cambium

  B) cork cambium

  C) root apical meristem

  
• INTERCALARY MERISTEMS

  • Between the tip and base stem of the plant
  • Present at the base of leaves, nodes and internodes 
  • Help in longitudinal growth of plants
  • Increase length between nodes

  A) nodes

  B) intercalary meristem

  C) internodes

  D) intercalary meristem

  
• LATERAL MERISTEMS

  • Lateral meristems, or Cambium. are found in vascular bundles and increase the diameter of the plant by producing xylem and phloem,
  • This tissue lies on the side of the plant's body. 
  • Gives the plant it's width or girth (Secondary growth) increase diameter
  • The vascular cambium and cork cambium, are lateral meristems 
  • produces secondary tissues that function primarily in support and conduction.

  
• 3 Parts of Meristems

  A) shoot apical meristem

  B) lateral meristem

  C) root apical meristem

  
• Types of Meristems

  A) apical meristem

  B) intercalary meristem

  C) lateral meristem

  D) tips of stem and root

  E) sides of stem and root

  F) between the tip and base of stems and leaves

  G) tips

  H) nodes

  I) diameter

  
• TISSUES PRODUCED BY MERISTEMS

  • After cells are produced by meristems, the cells assume various shapes and sizes related to their functions as they develop and mature.

  • Some tissues consist of only one kind of cell, therefore they are called Simple tissues whereas others may have two to several kinds of cells known as Complex tissues
• SIMPLE TISSUE

  • made up of only one type of cell

  A) parenchyma

  B) collenchyma

  C) sclerenchyma

  
• PARENCHYMA CELLS

  •  They are the most abundant of the cell types in plants
  • They are less spherical, cubical, or elongated in shape
  • Have very large vacuoles and are frequently found in all roots, stems, leaves and fruits
  • Have thin primary cell wall
  • Serve as space-fillers and structural components

  
• Parenchyma cells

  • Aid in photosynthesis
  • Store foods and water in leaves, stems, seeds and fruits
  • Controls plant's metabolism like photosynthesis, respiration, protein synthesis
  • They also paly a vital role in wound healing and regeneration of plants

  
• 2 TYPES OF PARENCHYMA CELLS

  •  Chlorenchyma - provides support to plants and also stores food. In some situations, it contains chlorophyll and performs photosynthesis.
  • Aerenchyma - give buoyancy to the plants to help them float

  
• Collenchyma cells

  • From Greek Kolla - "Glue"
  • They are alive during the cell maturity
  • They are elongated
  • They have a thicker and more uneven wall than parenchyma cells
  • Found in leaf blades and below the stalks below epidermis
  • In other to provide support both parenchyma and collenchyma cells must be turgid

  
• Collenchyma cells

  The main function of collenchyma cells is to provide flexibility

  
• Sclerenchyma cells

  • From a Greek word - skleros meaning "hard"

  • Sclerenchyma tissues have cells with thick, tough, secondary wall normally impregnated with lignin

  • Lignin makes them flexible as well as strong

  • Most are dead at maturity

  • They vary in shape and but are often cubical

  • Provide rigid structure and protection

  
• Sclerenchyma cells

  • They provide structural strength in regions that have stopped growing in length and no longer need to be flexible

  
• SCLERENCHYMA CELL

  • 2 main kinds:
  • fibers and sclereids
  • Fibers are elongated with secondary walls and impregnated with lignin
  • They are usually in group and this enable stems to move in wind without snapping.
  • Sclereids vary in shape but are often cubical or spherical
  • They make structures rock-hard and inflexible

  
• GROUND TISSUE

  A) spherical

  B) thin-walled

  C) plant

  D) photosynthesis

  E) respiration

  F) storage

  G) regeneration

  H) elongated

  I) thickened

  J) maturity

  K) epidermis

  L) flexible

  M) primary

  N) secondary

  O) sclereids

  P) support

  
• COMPLEX TISSUE

  • A tissue that is made of several cell types, such as a mixture of parenchyma, sclerenchyma, and water conducting cells.
  • These simple tissues can modify into more specialized cells for transport, support, and protection.
  • Complex tissues are organized into three functional unit known as a Tissue System and they are continuous throughout the plant
• 3 TISSUE SYSTEM IN VASCULAR PLANTS

  • Dermal tissue system
  • Vascular tissue system
  • Ground tissue system
  • all of which originates from meristematic cells

  A) xylem

  B) phloem

  C) vascular tissues

  D) ground tissues

  E) dermal tissues

  
• The Dermal Tissue System

  • Dermal from Greek derma - "Skin"
  • The dermal tissue system is the outer protective covering of the plant.
  • The dermal tissue begin as parenchyma cells, which are then modified to form various types of cells that protect the plant from physical damage and desiccation
  • In a typical plant the dermal tissue is made of one layer with their cells closely packed together to produce a secure boundary known as Epidermis.
• THE DERMAL SYSTEM

  • • In plants that have more then one growing season, the epidermis of the stem and root is replaced by a protective tissue known as Periderm.

  The periderm consists mainly of nonliving cork cells that protect the plants from predators and water loss.

  
• Features of The Epidermis

  • The dermal tissue can become more modified through the production of hair like extensions called Trichomes
  • Plants may use trichomes in order to inhibit herbivore attack via physical and/or chemical means.
  • e.g. in specialized, stinging hairs of Urtica (Nettle) species they deliver inflammatory chemicals such as histamine

  
• TRICHROMES IN EPIDERMIS