Liverpool

• What is Liverpool a study of ?

  Rebranding
• Liverpool used the 2008 City of Culture as an attempt to influence the place and create specific place-meaning
• Liverpool is known as 'the world in one city' due to its culture and heritage
• How much did the bid cost ?

  £14 Million
• Anthony Gormley is an artist who put statues of his naked self on Crosby Beach. This became a popular tourist attraction and many artists added their own touch to the statues. These were meant to be removed after the City of Culture, but are still here till this day.
• The spinning trees, also known as 'joyful trees', are living trees that are able to spin. A similar thing also occurred on buildings, where small sections of buildings were made to spin.
• Rebranding is ways in which a place is redeveloped and marketed so that it gains a new identity. This can attract new investors, artists and visitors.
• Liverpool rebranded by developing their cultural facilities, making a new logo (£150,000) and by leaning into their rich history.
• Liverpool was granted £4 billion investment, which boosted the economy by £800 million
• Liverpool One is a shopping centre built from 2004-2008. It cost £1 billion and is an example of a private investment. It is also a big flagship development. It has 160 stores accompanied with leisure and dining facilities
• What are the advantages of Liverpool's City of Culture?

  -3.5 million first-time visitors

  -0.8 million to see giant spider

  -15% of cinema tickets came from unexpected areas
• Which other areas benefitted from Liverpool COC?

  Royal Liverpool hospital

  Liverpool university

  Out-of-town shopping centres
• What issues remain in Liverpool ?

  rows & rows of empty house's that are being listed for £1; must live in it for 5 yrs and help regenerate by investing a certain amount of money.
• Liverpool needed rebranding due to the negative multiplier effect of the docks. It was known for being a major hub with lots of hard, unreliable physical labour and theft. It also suffered from mass unemployment and poverty due to globalisation, poor housing and bad health.
• Liverpool continues to hold cultural and artistic events every 2 yrs for ten weeks. It has also introduced many flagship developments and high scale investments