Human health and diseases

• What are organisms that cause diseases to plants and animals called?

  Pathogens
• Vectors carry pathogens
• What chemical test is used for the diagnosis of typhoid?

  Widal test
• protozoan causes malaria
• Housefly is a vector of cholera
• Cockroaches can transmit jaundice or yellow fever and are carriers of food and waterborne diseases
• female Anopheles mosquito is responsible for spreading malaria

• genes that cause cancer are called oncogens
• "smack" derived from?

  Latex of Papaver somniferum
• Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that leads to depression
• Colostrum is present in the lactating mother's breast milk and contains antibodies
• What is the function of antibodies in colostrum?

  Antibodies in colostrum protect the newborn against disease
• What type of antibody is present in colostrum?

  IgA type
• antivenom against snake bites contain antibodies
• Is the appendix a lymphoid tissue?

  No, the appendix is not a lymphoid tissue
• How does the thymus change with age?

  The thymus reduces in size with aging
• What are lymphoid organs responsible for?

  Lymphoid organs are where origin and/or maturation and proliferation of lymphocytes occur
• What is the function of secondary lymphoid organs?

  Secondary lymphoid organs provide sites for interaction of lymphocytes with antigens
• What happens to lymphocytes after interacting with antigens?

  Lymphocytes proliferate to become effector cells
• What toxin is produced by Plasmodium species?

  Hemozoin
• Fungi belonging to the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton
• How does sickle cell anemia affect susceptibility to malaria?

  A person with sickle cell anemia is less prone to malaria
• Disease is any change from normal state of the body which causes discomfort or disability in the body
• pathogens causing microorganisms
• endoparasite - living in them
• ectoparasite - living on them
• macrophage engulfs and digests pathogens
• mast cell triggers release of histamine
• antigen is something the immune system recognizes as foreign body
• antibiotics are substances that specifically destroy bacteria
• antibodies are proteins that are found in blood, mucus, saliva and breast milk
• NKcells can kill your own cells if they are infected with viruses or have become cancerous
• According to World Health Organization, health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or physical-fitness
• health is mainly affected by:

  • genetic disorders
  • infection
  • lifestyle
• good health can be attained and achieved by:

  • balanced diet
  • practicing yoga on a daily basis
  • maintaiNing proper hygiene
  • awareness of diseases and their affects on the body
  • vaccination against infectious diseases
  • proper disposal of wastes
• Congenital diseases are present by birth like genetic
• acquired immunity is developed after birth
• acquired immunity:

  • infectious
  • non-infectious
• infectious:

  • bacteria
  • protozoa
  • helementhic
  • fungi
  • virus
• infectious diseases are the diseases which can be transmitted from one person to another via pathogens