The Structure of DNA and Protein Synthesis

avatar
Created by
Fearsnort Shadowchew

Cards (19)

  • What do DNA molecules contain that determines which proteins are made?
    A genetic code
  • What are the repeating units that make up DNA strands called?

    Nucleotides
  • What three components make up each nucleotide?
    A sugar, a phosphate group, and one base
  • What forms the backbone of DNA strands?
    The sugar and phosphate groups in the nucleotides
  • How many different bases can join to each sugar in a nucleotide?
    Four
  • Which bases pair together in DNA?
    A pairs with T, and C pairs with G
  • What is the significance of the order of bases in a gene?
    It decides the order of amino acids in a protein
  • How many bases code for each amino acid?

    A sequence of three bases
  • What do non-coding parts of DNA do?
    They switch genes on and off, controlling gene expression
  • What is the process of protein synthesis involving mRNA?
    1. mRNA is made by copying the code from DNA.
    2. mRNA carries the code from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
    3. Ribosomes use the code to assemble amino acids into proteins.
  • Where are proteins made in the cell?
    In the cell cytoplasm on ribosomes
  • Why can't DNA move out of the nucleus?
    Because it is too big
  • What role do carrier molecules play in protein synthesis?
    They bring the correct amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct order
  • What happens to a chain of amino acids after assembly?
    • It folds into a unique shape.
    • This shape allows the protein to perform its specific function.
  • What are the different types of proteins and their functions?

    1. Enzymes: Act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.
    2. Hormones: Carry messages around the body (e.g., insulin regulates blood sugar).
    3. Structural proteins: Strengthen connective tissues (e.g., collagen).
  • What is the function of enzymes in the body?
    To speed up chemical reactions
  • What is an example of a hormone mentioned in the study material?
    Insulin
  • What is the role of structural proteins?

    To strengthen connective tissues
  • What is collagen an example of?
    A structural protein