A.C 2.1

• What is the purpose of social control in society?


  To persuade or compel people to conform to society's norms and expectations
• How does social control function in a school setting?

  Through the influence of peers and teachers on student behavior
• What are the two main forms of social control?

  • Internal forms of social control
  • External forms of social control
• What are internal forms of social control?

  Controls over behavior that come from within ourselves, such as our values and moral conscience
• According to Freud, what part of our personality is responsible for moral conscience?

  The superego
• How does the superego influence behavior according to Freud's theory?

  It tells us what is right and wrong and inflicts guilt if we fail to conform
• How does tradition and culture contribute to social control?

  They shape our identities and influence our behavior through socialization
• What is the process through which we internalize social rules and morality?

  Through socialization from parents and wider social groups
• What are agencies of social control?


  Organizations or institutions that impose rules to ensure conformity
• What role do negative sanctions play in social control?

  They punish individuals for non-conformity to societal rules
• How does the criminal justice system function as a form of social control?

  By imposing formal legal sanctions against individuals to ensure conformity
• What powers do the police have in the criminal justice system?

  To stop, search, arrest, detain, and question suspects
• What can the CPS do in the criminal justice system?

  Charge a suspect and prosecute them in court
• What powers do judges and magistrates have?

  To bail the accused or remand them in custody
• What is the role of the prison service in social control?

  To detain prisoners and punish their behavior
• What is coercion in the context of social control?


  The use or threat of force to make someone comply with rules
• How does fear of punishment function as a form of social control?

  It deters individuals from breaking the law due to the threat of consequences
• What is deterrence in the context of crime prevention?

  Fear of being caught and punished that prevents individuals from committing crimes
• What do control theorists focus on regarding law obedience?

  Why people obey the law rather than why they commit crimes
• What are the four elements of an individual's bond to society according to Hirschi?

  Attachment, commitment, involvement, and beliefs
• How does attachment influence conformity to societal norms?

  The more attached we are to others, the more we care about their opinions and respect their norms
• How does commitment affect the likelihood of engaging in crime?

  The more committed we are to conventional goals, the less likely we are to engage in crime
• How does involvement in conventional activities reduce crime?

  It limits the time and energy available for engaging in criminal activities
• What role does socialization play in the development of self-control?

  Effective socialization builds self-control to resist the temptation to offend
• How do feminists explain women's low rate of offending?

  Patriarchal society controls females more closely, limiting their opportunities to offend
• What factors contribute to delinquency according to control theorists?

  Poor socialization and inconsistent or absent parental discipline
• What are some activities that can help keep young people out of crime?

  • Hobbies
  • Sporting activities