MicroPara

• What is microbiology the study of?

  microorganisms.
• What are microorganisms also called?

  microbes.
• What is an example of a microorganism?

  Examples of microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
• What are the main groups of bacteria mentioned in the study material?

  • Proteobacteria
  • Cyanobacteria
  • Spirochaetes
  • Green sulfur bacteria
  • Green nonsulfur bacteria
  • Bacteroides
  • Thermotoga
• What are Proteobacteria closely related to?

  eukaryoticmitochondria.
• What is an example of an enteric bacterium?

  E. coli.
• What do cyanobacteria produce?

  Cyanobacteria produce oxygen.
• How long ago did cyanobacteria appear?

  Cyanobacteria are the most primitive and appeared around 2 billion years ago.
• What do spirochaetes cause?

  Spirochaetes cause diseases such as syphilis and Lyme disease.
• What type of bacteria are green sulfur bacteria?

  Green sulfur bacteria are obligately anaerobic photoautotrophic bacteria.
• What is the characteristic of green nonsulfur bacteria?

  Green nonsulfur bacteria are capable of anoxygenic photosynthesis.
• Where do Bacteroides inhabit?

  Bacteroides inhabit the digestive tract.
• What is the shape of Thermotaga bacteria?

  Thermotaga bacteria are typically rod-shaped.
• What are the impacts of microorganisms on human society?

  • Contribution to global biomass
  • Role in disease causation
  • Use in biotechnology and medicine
  • Impact on food production and preservation
• Who is credited with making one of the earliest compound microscopes?

  Zacharias Janssen is credited with making one of the earliest compound microscopes.
• What was the magnification of the object using Janssen's microscope?

  The magnification of the object was 20-30x.
• Who made the earliest microscopic observations of bees and weevils?

  Francesco Stelluti made the earliest microscopic observations of bees and weevils.
• What did Robert Hooke publish in 1665?

  Robert Hooke published "Micrographia" in 1665.
• What did Hooke use the term 'cell' to describe?

  Hooke used the term 'cell' to describe the building blocks of all living organisms.
• What is the basic functional unit of life?

  The cell is the basic functional unit of life.
• What did Antoni van Leeuwenhoek first observe?

  Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to see bacteria.
• What type of microscope did van Leeuwenhoek construct?

  Van Leeuwenhoek constructed extremely simple microscopes containing a single lens.
• What was the magnification capability of van Leeuwenhoek's microscope?

  Van Leeuwenhoek's microscope could magnify an image at least 266 times.
• What did Francesco Redi challenge?

  Francesco Redi challenged the theory of spontaneous generation.
• What did John Needham suggest about organic matter?

  John Needham suggested that organic matter contained a "vital force" that could confer life properties on nonliving matter.
• What did Louis Pasteur prove regarding microorganisms?

  Louis Pasteur proved that microorganisms did not arise from spontaneous generation.
• What did John Tyndall discover about dust?

  John Tyndall discovered that dust (endospore) is responsible for media contamination.
• What did Ferdinand Cohn discover?

  Ferdinand Cohn discovered heat-resistant bacteria.
• What did Agostino Bassi de Lodi show regarding silkworms?


  Agostino Bassi de Lodi showed that a disease affecting silkworms was caused by a fungus.
• What did Ignaz Semmelweis observe in Vienna hospitals?

  Ignaz Semmelweis observed that doctors were spreading childbed fever while delivering babies.
• What did Louis Pasteur propose regarding disease?

  Louis Pasteur proposed the "germ theory" of disease.
• What did Joseph Lister introduce in surgery?

  Joseph Lister introduced antiseptics in surgery.
• What did Robert Koch cultivate outside the body?

  Robert Koch was the first to cultivate anthrax bacteria outside the body.
• What are Koch's postulates?


  Koch's postulates are the critical test for the involvement of a microorganism in a disease.
• What are the different arrangements in microbiology?

  • Taxonomic arrangement:
  • Bacteriology
  • Mycology
  • Phycology
  • Virology
  • Protozoology
  • Immunology
  • Integrative arrangement:
  • Microbial cytology
  • Microbial physiology
  • Microbial genetics
  • Microbial ecology
  • Microbial taxonomy
  • Cellular Microbiology
  • Molecular Microbiology
  • Applied Microbiology
  • Medical Microbiology
  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Public Health Microbiology
  • Industrial Microbiology
  • Pharmaceutical Microbiology
  • Agriculture Microbiology
  • Food and Dairy Microbiology
  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Water/Aquatic Microbiology
• What is the significance of microorganisms in agriculture?

  Microorganisms play a significant role in agriculture.
• What is the significance of microorganisms in food and dairy?

  Microorganisms are significant in food and dairy microbiology.
• What is the significance of microorganisms in environmental microbiology?

  Microorganisms are significant in environmental microbiology.
• What is the significance of microorganisms in water/aquatic microbiology?

  Microorganisms are significant in water/aquatic microbiology.
• What is the significance of microorganisms in pharmaceutical microbiology?

  Microorganisms are significant in pharmaceutical microbiology.