(Chemistry) Periodicity

• What is the focus of the video discussed in the study material?

  The video is a fill topic review of periodicity.
• What is the purpose of the accompanying worksheet mentioned in the video?


  It allows you to complete the notes while watching the video.
• What groups of elements should be marked on the periodic table during the first task?

  • Alkali metals
  • Transition metals
  • Halogens
  • Noble gases
• What are groups in the periodic table?

  Groups are the columns where elements have similar chemical properties due to having the same number of outer electrons.
• What are periods in the periodic table?

  Periods are the rows in the periodic table ordered by increasing atomic number.
• What does the step line in the periodic table indicate?

  The step line splits the metals on the left from the nonmetals on the right.
• What are the four different parts of the periodic table that you are expected to know?

  • Group 1: Alkali metals
  • Transition metals: Middle section
  • Group 7: Halogens
  • Group 8: Noble gases
• How does the bonding change as you move from left to right across the periodic table?

  The element bonding changes from metallic to covalent to monatomic.
• How is metallic bonding defined?

  Metallic bonding is an electrostatic attraction between positive metal ion cores and a sea of delocalized negative outer electrons.
• What is the structure of metallic bonding?

  The structure of metallic bonding is a lattice of metal ions.
• How is covalent bonding defined?

  Covalent bonding is an electrostatic attraction between positive nuclei and the shared pair of negative electrons between them.
• What are the two different structures of covalent bonding?

  • Network lattice
  • Discrete molecule
• What is monatomic bonding?


  Monatomic bonding consists of single atoms.
• What are the metallic elements that should be shaded in red on the periodic table?

  • Lithium
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • Beryllium
  • Magnesium
  • Calcium
  • Aluminium
• What are the covalent networks that should be shaded in yellow on the periodic table?

  • Carbon (graphite or diamond)
  • Silicon
• What are the small covalent molecules that should be shaded in blue on the periodic table?

  • Phosphorus (P₄)
  • Sulfur (S₈)
  • Carbon (C₆₀)
• What are the diatomic molecules mentioned in the study material?

  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Fluorine
  • Chlorine
  • Hydrogen
• What are the monatomic gases mentioned in the study material?

  • Helium
  • Neon
  • Argon
• What is covalent radius?

  Covalent radius is a measure of the size of an atom, measured as half the distance between two nuclei in a bond.
• What is the trend of covalent radius across a period?

  The covalent radius decreases as you move from left to right across the period.
• Why does the covalent radius decrease across a period?

  This is due to increasing nuclear charge, which pulls the electron shell in tighter.
• What is the trend of covalent radius down a group?

  The covalent radius increases as you move down a group.
• Why does the covalent radius increase down a group?

  This is because a new shell is being filled for each row, making the atom bigger.
• What is first ionization energy?

  First ionization energy is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in the gaseous state.
• What is second ionization energy?

  Second ionization energy is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of positive ions in the gaseous state.
• Why does the third ionization energy of magnesium increase significantly?

  This is because we are trying to remove an electron from a stable full outer shell after forming a positively charged ion.
• What is the trend of first ionization energy across a period?

  The first ionization energy generally increases as you move across a period.
• Why does the first ionization energy increase across a period?

  This is due to increasing nuclear charge, which holds the electrons more strongly.
• What is the trend of first ionization energy down a group?

  The first ionization energy generally decreases as you move down a group.
• Why does the first ionization energy decrease down a group?

  This is due to the screening or shielding effect, where outer electrons are shielded from the nuclear charge by filled inner shells.
• What is electronegativity?

  Electronegativity is a measure of the attraction of an element for bonding electrons.
• What is the electronegativity of lithium?

  1. 0
• What is the electronegativity of beryllium?

  1. 5
• What is the electronegativity of boron?

  1. 0
• What is the electronegativity of carbon?

  1. 5
• What is the electronegativity of nitrogen?

  1. 0
• What is the electronegativity of oxygen?

  1. 5
• What is the electronegativity of fluorine?

  1. 0
• What is the trend of electronegativity across a period?

  Electronegativity increases as you move across a period.
• What is the trend of electronegativity down a group?

  Electronegativity decreases as you move down a group.