Types of LTM

• Types of LTM-

  Tulving (1985)-

  • Episodic memory: a mental diary of our everyday lives and activities, that are ‘time-stamped’ by remembering when and what happened, recalling people, objects, places and behaviour, conscious effort for quick recall.
  • Semantic memory: shared knowledge of the world (combination of the encyclopaedia and the dictionary), that we don’t know when, where and how we know these things, they’re generic facts that are not personal.
  • Procedural memory: for actions/skills, these are recalled without effort after time (like riding a bike or walking).
• Types of LTM

  CPS- Case study of Molaison and Wearing – both episodic memory was impaired due to brain damage, but semantic untouched, could still walk, know what a dog is, but count recall petting a dog – shows there’s different types of LTM.

  CPW- Brain injury studies lack control variables, the injuries are usually unexpected, so the researcher has no way of telling what their memory was like before the minjury making it difficult to see how bad the damage was.
• Types of LTM-

  S- Different types of LTM allows psychologists to help people with memory problems through specifics – memory loss with old age is episodic, Belleville (2006) trained people to improve their episodic memory, who then were tested and scored better than the control.

  W- Conflicting research in where the different types of LTM are located – Buckner and Peterson (1996) said semantic was the left prefrontal cortex with episodic on the right, while Tulving said the left prefrontal cortex was the encoding of the episodic memories, and right for episodic retrieval.