Civil rights

• What was the main goal of the Civil Rights Movement?

  To protest against segregation in the South
• What was the outcome of the Supreme Court ruling in Brown v Board of Education of Topeka (1950)?

  It ruled that racial segregation in schools was unconstitutional
• What did the ruling in Brown v Board of Education require southern states to do?

  Desegregate their public schools
• How did the Brown v Board of Education ruling impact civil rights activism?

  It inspired activists to challenge discrimination in other areas of life
• What event occurred in 1957 related to civil rights activism?


  Integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas
• What was the response of the National Guard during the integration of Central High School?

  The National Guard was called in to enforce the integration
• What methods did Civil Rights activists use to challenge segregation?

  • Non-violent protests
  • Media coverage to raise awareness
  • Legal challenges in courts
• What significant event took place in Montgomery, Alabama in 1955?

  The Montgomery Bus Boycott
• Who was Rosa Parks and what did she do in 1955?

  She was a NAACP member who was arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat
• What was the outcome of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

  The Supreme Court ruled that Alabama's bus segregation laws were unconstitutional
• What was the significance of the Greensboro Sit-Ins in 1960?


  They were successful in desegregating lunch counters
• When did the Greensboro Sit-Ins begin?


  February 1960
• How many students participated in sit-ins by April 1960?

  More than 50,000 students
• What was the response of police officers to the sit-ins?

  They sometimes used force to remove protesters
• What were the Freedom Rides?

  Protests challenging segregation on interstate bus services
• What happened to the Freedom Riders when they reached the South?

  They were often attacked by violent mobs or arrested
• What action did President Kennedy take in response to the violence against the Freedom Riders?

  The federal government issued a desegregation order on all interstate buses and trains
• What were the key events in the Civil Rights Movement mentioned in the study material?

  • Brown v Board of Education (1950)
  • Little Rock Nine (1957)
  • Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)
  • Greensboro Sit-Ins (1960)
  • Freedom Rides (1961)