simple and fractional distillation

• What are the two types of distillation used to separate liquid mixtures?

  Simple distillation and fractional distillation
• What is the purpose of simple distillation?

  To separate a liquid from a solution
• How can simple distillation be used with seawater?

  It can separate pure water from seawater
• What equipment is needed for simple distillation?

  • Flask containing the liquid mixture
  • Bung to seal the flask
  • Thermometer to measure temperature
  • Condenser with a water jacket
  • Beaker to collect the distilled liquid
  • Heating device (e.g., Bunsen burner)
• What is the function of the thermometer in the distillation setup?

  To measure the temperature inside the flask
• How does the condenser work in simple distillation?

  The vapor cools and condenses into liquid form as it passes through the condenser
• What happens to the seawater during simple distillation?

  Pure distilled water is collected, leaving salt in the flask
• Why is fractional distillation used instead of simple distillation for certain mixtures?

  Because the liquids have similar boiling points and cannot be separated by simple distillation
• What are the key features of a fractionating column in fractional distillation?

  • Full of little glass rods for high surface area
  • Cooler at the top than at the bottom
• What is the first step in separating methanol, ethanol, and propanol using fractional distillation?

  Heat the mixture to around 65 degrees Celsius to evaporate methanol
• What happens to ethanol and propanol as methanol rises in the fractionating column?

  They condense back into liquid form and fall back into the flask
• After collecting methanol, what is the next step in the fractional distillation process?

  Raise the temperature to around 78 degrees Celsius to evaporate ethanol
• What can be assumed about the contents of the flask after collecting ethanol?

  It contains mostly pure propanol
• What is the final step in ensuring the purity of propanol after fractional distillation?

  Raise the temperature again to boil off the propanol
• What is the main technique used for separating mixtures of liquids?

  Fractional distillation
• Why are the liquids shown in the video colored green?

  To make it easier to follow along
• What is the purpose of the video discussed in the study material?

  To explain the two types of distillation