multi-store model AO1

• Who developed the Multi-Store Model of Memory (MSM) and in what year?

  Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin in 1968
• What are the three memory stores in the Multi-Store Model of Memory (MSM)?

  • Sensory Register
  • Short-Term Memory (STM)
  • Long-Term Memory (LTM)
• How is information transferred between the memory stores in the MSM?

  Through specific processes such as attention and rehearsal
• What is the function and capacity of the Sensory Register?

  • Function: Holds information from the senses briefly
  • Capacity: Very large, continuously receiving sensory information
• What is the duration of information in the Sensory Register?

  Information remains for a very short time (1-2 seconds)
• What happens to most sensory information in the Sensory Register?

  Most sensory information is not attended to and quickly decays
• What is the role of attention in the MSM?


  • Role: Focuses on information from the Sensory Register to transfer it to STM
  • Importance: Crucial for remembering information
• What is the function and duration of Short-Term Memory (STM)?

  • Function: Temporarily holds information for immediate tasks
  • Duration: 1-18 seconds but prone to decay unless rehearsed
• What is the capacity of STM, and what happens if it's exceeded?

  • Capacity: Limited; typically 7±2 items
  • Outcome: New information can displace old information in STM
• What is maintenance rehearsal in STM?

  • Process: Repeating information to keep it in STM
  • Outcome: Can lead to the creation of long-term memories if repeated enough
• What is the relationship between maintenance rehearsal and Long-Term Memory (LTM)?

  The more information is rehearsed in STM, the stronger the memory in LTM
• What is the function and capacity of Long-Term Memory (LTM)?

  • Function: Stores information indefinitely
  • Capacity: Unlimited
• Why do we forget information in LTM according to the MSM?

  Forgetting is often due to poor encoding into LTM rather than actual loss of the memory
• What is retrieval in the context of MSM?


  • Process: Accessing information from LTM through STM for use
• what is the duration and encoding method of the Sensory Register?

  Duration: 1-2 seconds.

  Encoding: Sense-specific (e.g., visual for eyes, acoustic for ears).
• How does STM encode information?

  Primarily auditory (by sound).
• How does LTM encode information?

  Primarily semantically (by meaning), but can also encode visually and auditorily.