hormones and homeostasis

• What is the primary function of hormones in the body?

  To coordinate and regulate physiological processes
• How do hormones control blood glucose levels?

  By regulating the amount of glucose in the blood through insulin and glucagon
• What is the role of the endocrine system?

  It consists of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
• What is the effect of adrenaline produced by the adrenal glands?

  It prepares the body for 'fight or flight' by increasing heart rate and oxygen delivery
• What hormone is produced by the thyroid gland?

  Thyroxine
• What is the function of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?

  To regulate water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys
• What is urea?


  A waste product formed from the breakdown of proteins
• How does the pancreas respond when blood glucose levels are too high?

  It releases more insulin to help lower blood glucose levels
• What happens when blood glucose levels are too low?

  The pancreas releases glucagon to convert glycogen into glucose
• How does negative feedback work in blood glucose regulation?

  It maintains homeostasis by adjusting hormone levels based on blood glucose concentration
• What is Type 1 diabetes?

  A disorder caused by the pancreas failing to produce sufficient insulin
• How is Type 1 diabetes typically treated?

  With insulin injections
• What is the role of selective reabsorption in the kidneys?

  To reabsorb useful substances like water and ions back into the blood
• What happens to ADH levels when the blood is too concentrated?

  More ADH is released by the pituitary gland
• What is the function of a dialysis machine?

  To remove waste products from the blood when kidneys fail
• What are the key components of the endocrine system?

  • Glands that secrete hormones
  • Hormones that regulate various bodily functions
  • Feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis
• What are the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

  Type 1 Diabetes:

  • Caused by insufficient insulin production
  • Treated with insulin injections

  
  

  Type 2 Diabetes:

  • Often related to insulin resistance
  • Managed with lifestyle changes and medication
• What processes occur in the kidneys related to water balance?

  1. Filtration of blood

  2. Selective reabsorption of water and ions

  3. Excretion of waste products as urine
• What are some key terms related to hormones and homeostasis?

  • Endocrine system
  • Hormone
  • Pituitary gland
  • Adrenaline
  • Thyroxine
  • Type 1 diabetes
  • Urea
  • ADH
  • Dialysis