Topic B1

• what do plant cells also have?

  cell wall, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts
• What is differentiation?


  the process by which a cell changes to become specialized for its job
• True or false, plant cells never lose the ability to differentiatate

  True
• name a specialization of a nerve cell

  long with branched connections at ends
• name a specialization of a muscle cell

  long and many mitochondria
• different genes control the development of different characteristics
• mitosis: a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth
• mitosis creates how many daughter cells

  two
• meiosis creates how many daughter cells?

  Four
• the cell cycle makes new cells for...

  growth, development and repair
• stem cells have the potential to...

  turn into any cell
• adult stem cells are found where?

  bone marrow
• diffusion is...

  the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
• the bigger the concentration gradient...

  the faster the diffusion rate
• which small molecules can diffuse through a cell membrane?

  oxygen, glucose, amino acids, water
• what substances cannot diffuse through a cell membrane?

  starch, proteins
• the larger the surface area of the membrane...

  the faster the diffusion rate
• osmosis is...

  the diffusion of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a partially permeable membrane
• what happens to an animal cell if they contain too much water?

  they swell and burst
• active transport is...

  the movement of substances from a low concentration to a high concentration through a semi permeable membrane
• true or false: active transport requires energy

  true
• where does the energy for active transport come from?

  mitochondria
• true or false: root hair cells use active transport

  true
• true or false: muscle cells need active transport

  false
• true or false: active transport is used commonly

  false
• true or false: nerve cells need active transport

  false
• true or false: warm water slows down diffusion rate

  false