Science 9 1st Quarter Sum Test

• What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  It allows gas exchange, bringing oxygen to the body and expelling carbon dioxide.
• How does oxygen enter the bloodstream?

  Through pulmonary ventilation and external respiration.
• What is pulmonary ventilation?

  The way oxygen enters the lungs from the surroundings.
• What is external respiration?

  The process of oxygen getting from the lungs into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood to the lungs.
• Which part of the brain controls breathing?

  The medulla oblongata.
• What are the main parts of the respiratory system?

  • Pharynx (Throat)
  • Epiglottis (separates food from entering the trachea)
  • Larynx (Voice Box)
  • Trachea (Windpipe)
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
• What are the two zones of the respiratory system?

  • Conducting Zone: Frontal Sinus to Trachea (where gases enter and exit)
  • Respiratory Zone: Bronchus to Diaphragm (where gas exchange occurs)
• What is the pathway of oxygen from the nostrils to the alveoli?

  O2 -> Nose (Nostrils) -> Nasal Cavity -> Pharynx -> Epiglottis -> Larynx -> Trachea -> Bronchi -> Bronchioles -> Alveoli.
• Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?

  In the alveoli, which are covered with capillaries.
• What happens to carbon dioxide during respiration?

  It diffuses into the alveolus from the blood.
• What is respiration?

  The overall exchange of gases among the atmosphere, the blood, and the cells.
• What are the four phases of respiration?

  1. Breathing (O2 -> Bronchioles)

  2. External Respiration (Alveoli -> Blood)

  3. Internal Respiration (Heart pumping blood throughout the body)

  4. Cellular Respiration (O2 giving energy or ATP to body cells)
• Why is oxygen essential to life?

  It supports life and is integral for metabolic functions of cells.
• What happens to air pressure during inhalation?

  It decreases.
• What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?

  It contracts and moves downward.
• What happens to the lungs during exhalation?

  They deflate and reduce space in the chest cavity.
• What is the role of the circulatory system in relation to the respiratory system?

  • Supplies oxygen to cells
  • Distributes nutrients, gases, hormones, and antibodies
  • Collects metabolic wastes from cells
• What produces the sound known as the heartbeat?

  The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart.
• What type of circulatory system do humans have?

  A closed circulatory system.
• What is the main function of pulmonary circulation?

  To transport oxygen-depleted blood from the heart to the lungs.
• What is the pathway of blood through the heart?

  Superior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> lungs -> pulmonary vein -> bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aortic semilunar valve -> aorta -> to the body organs and cells.
• What are the three types of blood vessels?

  • Arteries (carry blood away from the heart)
  • Veins (carry blood to the heart)
  • Capillaries (connect veins and arteries)
• What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

  They connect veins and arteries and are where gas exchange occurs.
• What is the normal platelet count in a healthy individual?

  150,000 to 450,000 per milliliter of blood.
• What are the components of blood?

  • Plasma (90% water, carries nutrients and hormones)
  • Red blood cells (carry oxygen)
  • White blood cells (fight infection)
  • Platelets (help with blood clotting)
• What are the ABO blood groups based on?

  The presence of antigen types A and B.
• What is the main function of systematic circulation?

  To carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the organs and tissues.
• What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

  To provide energy or ATP to body cells from oxygen.
• Label the parts of the Respiratory System