Working Memory Model

• What is the main focus of the Working Memory Model proposed by Baddeley and Hitch in 1974?

  The model describes how short-term memory functions.
• What are the components of the Working Memory Model?

  • Central Executive
  • Phonological Loop
  • Visuospatial Sketchpad
  • Episodic Buffer
• What is the role of the Central Executive in the Working Memory Model?

  It monitors incoming data and decides what needs to be processed.
• How does the Central Executive manage tasks?

  It allocates attention and resources to demanding tasks.
• What type of information does the Phonological Loop deal with?

  Auditory information.
• What is the duration limit of the Phonological Loop?

  It has a limited duration of 2 seconds.
• What are the two subdivisions of the Phonological Loop?

  • Phonological Store (the inner ear): deals with perception, particularly speech.
  • Articulatory Loop (the inner voice): allows words to be stored through rehearsal by silently repeating them.
• What is the function of the Visuospatial Sketchpad?


  It is responsible for setting up mental images and storing visual and spatial information temporarily.
• How does the Visuospatial Sketchpad organize information?

  It organizes information visually, such as when giving directions.
• What is the capacity of the Visuospatial Sketchpad?

  It has a limited capacity.
• What is the role of the Episodic Buffer in the Working Memory Model?

  It collects and combines information from the slave systems and long-term memory.
• What type of information can the Episodic Buffer code?

  It can code any type of information.
• How does the Working Memory Model suggest short-term memory functions?

  It suggests that short-term memory is a system with interconnected but independent components.
• How does the Central Executive differ from the slave systems in the Working Memory Model?

  The Central Executive manages attention and resources, while slave systems handle specific types of information.
• If a task requires you to remember a phone number for a short period, which component of the Working Memory Model would you primarily use?

  The Phonological Loop.
• What are the limitations of the Working Memory Model components?

  • Central Executive: Limited processing capacity.
  • Phonological Loop: Limited duration of 2 seconds and limited capacity.
  • Visuospatial Sketchpad: Limited capacity.
  • Episodic Buffer: Limited capacity.
• What is the basis of the octine Model-Dakation A03?

  It is based on objective and empirical techniques such as brain scans.
• How does the working memory model utilize scientific methods?

  It uses brain scans to observe which areas of the brain activate during different tasks.
• What does the activation of different brain areas during tasks suggest about the working memory model?

  It suggests that different types of tasks engage different parts of the brain.
• What does the internal validity of the working memory model imply?

  It implies that the model effectively explains how memory functions, enhancing psychology's scientific status.
• Who was patient K and what was his condition?

  Patient K suffered from brain damage but could perform visual tasks normally while struggling with verbal information.
• What abilities did patient K retain despite his brain damage?

  He could recognize sounds but had difficulty with verbal information like letters and digits.
• What does patient K's case support regarding the structure of short-term memory (STM)?

  It supports the idea that STM can be divided into different sub-sectors.
• What is the word length effect as demonstrated by Baddeley?

  Participants recalled shorter words better than longer words, indicating limited capacity in memory.
• Why do longer words have a disadvantage in recall according to Baddeley's findings?

  Because they take longer than approximately 2 seconds to rehearse in the phonological loop.
• What did Baddeley's research suggest about the phonological loop?

  It suggested that the phonological loop has limitations in processing longer words.
• What did Bodily's findings reveal about performing visual and verbal tasks simultaneously?

  Participants experienced a decrease in performance when completing both visual and verbal tasks at the same time.
• What does the limitation of working memory capacity imply?

  It implies that two visual tasks cannot be performed simultaneously without competition for capacity.
• What was the aim of the research study conducted by Hunt?

  To investigate evidence for a limited capacity in the central executive of working memory.
• What method did participants use in Hunt's study?

  Participants performed a psychomotor task while simultaneously completing an integer test.
• How did Hunt interpret the deterioration in performance during the study?

  He interpreted it as evidence that tasks were competing for the same central processor due to limited capacity.
• What does the limited capacity of the central executive imply for multitasking?

  It implies that errors may occur when multiple tasks are performed simultaneously due to capacity limitations.
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of using brain-damaged patients in research on the working memory model?

  Strengths:

  • Provides insights into specific memory functions affected by brain damage.
  • Helps to understand the structure of working memory.

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Sample bias due to the unique characteristics of brain-damaged individuals.
  • Difficulty in generalizing findings to the broader population.
• What are the components of the working memory model as discussed in the study material?

  • Central Executive: Limited capacity for processing tasks.
  • Phonological Loop: Handles verbal information with limited duration.
  • Visual-Spatial Sketchpad: Manages visual and spatial tasks.