NOTES PLANT TISSUE

• PLANT TISSUE

  • MERISTEMATIC TISSUE
  • PERMANENT TISSUE
• Meristematic Tissue

  • known as dividing tissue
  • greek word "meristos" means divided
  • function to divide and help the plant grow
  • location tips of the root (grow deeper into the soil) and shoot (branches of plant to grow taller in the air)
• Meristematic Tissue

  • APICAL TISSUE
  • LATERAL TISSUE
  • INTERCALARY TISSUE
• Apical Tissue

  • Location: tips of roots and shoots
  • Function: helps to increase the length
• Lateral Tissue

  • means " side to side "
  • Location:
  • along the sides of stems and roots
  • at girth (Cambium)
  • Function: helps increase in thickness or girth of plants (grow wider, not taller)
• Intercalary Tissue

  • Location: base of leaves (region between the nodes)
  • Function: helps to grow twigs into branches
  • Tissues cells filled with cytoplasm
• PERMANENT TISSUE

  • SIMPLE PERMANENT TISSUE
  • COMPLEX PERMANENT TISSUE
• PERMANENT TISSUE

  • known as non dividing tissue
  • matured (consist cell that have finished growing and dividing)
• SIMPLE PLANT TISSUE

  • PARENCHYMA
  • COLLENCHYMA
  • SCLERENCHYMA
• Parenchyma (do most of the work for plant)

  • thin cell wall (cellulose)
  • Function:
  • photosynthesis (chlorenchyma)
  • transport and storing nutrients,
  • storing water, fat, and starch
  • gas exchange
  • makes fruits
  • heal wounded areas
  • Location: throughout the plant (leaves, stem, roots)
• Collenchyma Tissue (back-up system tor plant)

  • Uneven thicker cell wall than parenchyma (pectin and cellulose)
  • Function: Mechanical support and Flexibility
  • Cells are elongated
  • Location: below the dermal tissue of leaf and veins
• Sclerenchyma Tissue

  • Even thicker cell wall (lignin)
  • Dead cells during its maturity (no longer growing)
  • Function: Strong mechanical support, Rigidity and Flexibility
• Sclerenchyma Tissue

  • Fibers
  • Sclereids
• Sclerenchyma Tissue

  • Fibers
  • Function: provide support and strength
  • Makes rope and fabric out of plants
  • Sclereids
  • Function: provide toughness and protection
  • Versatile cells
  • Makes nut shell and seed coats
• COMPLEX PERMANENT TISSUE

  • Ground Tissue
  • Dermal Tissue
  • Vascular Tissue
• COMPLEX PERMANENT TISSUE

  • made of different types of cells
  • cells perform different functions
• GROUND TISSUE (makes up majority of plant)

  • provides compact firm structure and enable basic metabolic function
  • Ground Parenchyma
  • Ground Collenchyma
  • Ground Sclerenchyma
• DERMAL TISSUE (outermost layer of plant)

  • acts as skin for the plant
  • Epidermis
  • Cuticle
  • Trichomes
  • Stoma (Plural: Stomata)
• Epidermis

  • Layer of cells (one cell thick)
  • No chloroplast
  • Function: protective layer
• Cuticle

  • Waxy substance
  • Function:
  • prevents water from escaping
  • protects from invasion by many pathogens
• Trichomes (hair-like structure)

  • Function:
  • gas/nutrient transfer
  • defence against insect herbivore
• Stoma (Plural - Stomata)

  • tiny pores or openings
  • Function: opening in the leaf for exchange of water and gasses that travel in and out (these can't remain open otherwise pathogens can enter)
  • guard cells
• Periderm

  • outer layer of bark that replaces the epidermis in woody plants us they grow
  • produces and protected by the rhytidome
  • rhytidome protects the inner layers of plant and made of dead cells
  • Function: prevent water loss / damage
• Vascular Tissue (not present in all plant species)

  • responsible for transportation of materials (water and sugars)
• Vascular Tissue

  • Xylem
  • Phloem
• Xylem (one way flow)

  • vascular tissue
  • made of dead cells
  • cell walls have lignin
  • Function: transport water / nutrients upwards from the soil
• Phloem (two way flow)

  • vascular tissue
  • made of living cells (companion cells and sieve cells)
  • Companion cells support and provide energy to sieve cells, which move sugars and nutrients around the plant.
  • Function: transports sugars and nutrients from the leaves to other parts of the plant.