Blood & Blood vessels

• What are the major components of the circulatory system?

  The major components are blood, heart, and blood vessels.
• What percentage of body weight does blood generally constitute in humans?

  Blood generally constitutes 7 percent of body weight.
• What are the three important roles of blood?

  The three important roles are transportation, protection, and regulation.
• What are the main components of blood plasma?

  Blood plasma is composed of proteins, ions, metabolites, waste, and hormones.
• What types of cells are found in blood?

  The types of blood cells are erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
• What are the types of blood cells and their functions?

  • Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells): Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
  • Leukocytes (White Blood Cells): Defend the body against microorganisms.
  • Platelets (Thrombocytes): Play a role in blood clotting.
• How many chambers does the heart have?

  The heart has four chambers.
• What separates the left and right portions of the heart?


  The septum separates the left and right portions of the heart.
• What is the function of the heart valves?

  The heart valves ensure that blood flows in one direction.
• What is the role of the right atrium in the heart?

  The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body.
• What happens to deoxygenated blood in the right ventricle?


  It is pumped into the pulmonary artery to go to the lungs.
• What is the main function of veins?

  The main function of veins is to carry blood towards the heart.
• What are the three types of blood vessels?

  The three types of blood vessels are arteries, veins, and capillaries.
• What are the characteristics of arteries, veins, and capillaries?


  • Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart, have thick walls.
  • Veins: Carry blood towards the heart, have thinner walls and valves.
  • Capillaries: Thin-walled for material exchange between blood and tissues.
• What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

  Capillaries permit the exchange of materials between blood and interstitial fluid.
• What happens to blood pressure as it moves from arteries to veins?


  Blood pressure dramatically drops as blood moves from arteries to veins.
• What is pulmonary circulation?

  Pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the left atrium.
• What is systemic circulation?

  Systemic circulation involves blood vessels bringing oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to all parts of the body.
• What are the leading causes of mortality in the Philippines?

  The leading causes are diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems.
• What are the common preventable risk factors for circulatory system diseases?

  • Tobacco use (cigarette smoking)
  • Unhealthy diet
  • Lack of physical activity
  • Alcohol use
• What is coronary heart disease also known as?

  Coronary heart disease is known as the "silent epidemic."
• What is atherosclerosis?

  Atherosclerosis is the build-up of plaque inside the coronary arteries.
• What can coronary heart disease lead to?

  It can lead to heart attack, heart failure, chest pain, and arrhythmia.
• What are the symptoms of a heart attack?

  Symptoms include chest pain, pain radiating to the jaw or arm, shortness of breath, and sweating.
• What is heart failure?

  Heart failure occurs due to a weakened or damaged heart muscle.
• What are the symptoms of heart failure?


  Symptoms include fatigue, ankle swelling, and loss of consciousness.
• What is hypertension?

  Hypertension is commonly known as high blood pressure.
• What is a stroke?


  A stroke occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is cut off.
• What are the symptoms of a stroke?


  Symptoms include paralysis, slurred speech, and altered brain function.
• What are the common diseases of the respiratory system?

  1. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

  • Chronic Bronchitis
  • Emphysema
  • Lung Cancer

  2. Asthma
• What is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

  COPD is an obstructive lung disease that makes it hard to breathe.
• What causes most cases of COPD?

  About 80 percent of COPD cases are caused by cigarette smoking.
• What is asthma?

  Asthma is a long-term lung disease that causes difficulty in breathing.
• What are the symptoms of asthma?

  Symptoms include dry cough, wheezing, and chest tightness.
• What are ways to take care of the respiratory and circulatory systems?

  1. Exercise regularly

  2. Stay hydrated

  3. Eat a healthy and balanced diet

  4. Avoid smoking
• Why is exercise important for the respiratory and circulatory systems?


  Exercise helps maintain a healthy body and improves blood circulation.
• How does staying hydrated benefit the respiratory system?

  Staying hydrated helps maintain a thin consistency of mucus in the airways and lungs.
• What is the importance of a healthy and balanced diet for the circulatory system?

  A healthy and balanced diet is key to staying healthy and supporting the circulatory system.
• What is the relationship between the respiratory and circulatory systems?


  They work together to control blood supply and gas exchange in the body.
• What is blood pressure?


  Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood along the walls of blood vessels.