FOSSIL FUELS

• They are sources of energy derived from fossilized remains of once living plants and animals million years ago.

  Fossil Fuels
• Where are Fossil fuels found?

  Beneath the Earth's Surface.
• Fossil fuels have high contents of Carbon and Hydrogen, also known as Hydrocarbons.
• It is a solid rock form of Fossil Fuel that originated from dead plant and animal matter that piled in layers for over million years. It is non-renewable source of energy and it composed highly of Carbon. 


  Coal
• 2 types of mining used to extract coals:

  • Surface Mining
  • Underground Mining
• This mining is also known as Strip Mining. It involves the removal of the entire layer of rock and soil to access the coal deposit beneath the surface.

  Surface Mining
• It is a method of extracting coal that involves the use of heavy machinery to cut coal from deep underground deposits.

  Underground Mining
• 3 Types of Fossil Fuels:

  • Coal
  • Oil/Crude Oil
  • Natural Gas
• Oil is also known as Petroleum.
• A liquid form of Fossil Fuel that is composed of mostly Hydrocarbons. It is a non-renewable source of energy that originates from remains of dead organisms. It also comes from ancient marine organisms like marine plants, algae, and bacteria.

  Oil / Crude OIl
• Oil can be extracted by:

  • Drilling at land or at sea
  • Strip Mining in the case of Tar Sands Oil and Oil Shale.
• After the extraction of oils, it will be transported to the refineries to transform it into usable fuels like:

  • Propane
  • Kerosene
  • Gasoline
• Oil is used in making plastic and paint products.
• A type of Fossil Fuel that is colorless and odorless Hydrocarbon gas mixture. It is made up of hydrocarbon that is mostly Methane Gas (CH4)

  Natural Gas
• 2 types of Natural Gas:

  • Conventional
  • Unconventional
• Conventional is a type of natural gas that is:

  • Found in porous and permeable rock beds
  • Or mixed into oil reservoirs which can be extracted through Drilling.
• It is a type of Natural gas that is too difficult or expensive to extract and require a special simulation technique like Fracking.

  Unconventional
• How fossil fuels form:

  • Ancient marine organisms are buried under layers of sediments.
  • Heat and Pressure transform these organic materials into Hydrocarbons, forming fossil fuels.
• 4 advantages of fossil fuels:

  • High energy density
  • Reliability
  • Infrastructure
  • Economic Impact
• 5 disadvantages of Fossil Fuels:

  • Environmental impact
  • Pollution
  • Finite Resources
  • Habitat destruction
  • Health risks
• ADVANTAGE OF FF: High energy density

  • Very dense in energy.
  • Highly efficient for generation of power as well as in transportation.
• ADVANTAGE OF FF: Reliability

  • The power generation in FF Power plants is reliable.
  • They can generate electricity continuously whenever required.
• ADVANTAGE OF FF: Infrastructure

  • The global infrastructure for extracting, transporting, and using FF is highly developed.
• ADVANTAGE OF FF: Economic Impact

  • FF Industries provide employment and income through extraction, refining, and distribution.
• DISADVANTAGE OF SS: Environmental impact

  • Combustion of FF contributes to global warming and climate change by releasing large amts. of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
• DISADVANTAGE OF FF: Pollution

  • Extraction, refining, and burning of FF produce pollutants that contribute to air and water pollution.
• DISADVANTAGE OF FF: Finite resources

  • FF are non-renewable and will eventually be depleted.
• DISADVANTAGE OF FF: Habitat Destruction

  • FF Extraction can cause habitat destruction, deforestation, and harm to ecosystems, especially to sensitive areas like Rainforests and oceans.
• DISADVANTAGE OF FF: Health Risks

  • Pollutants from burning FF can cause respiratory and cardiovascular problems, leading to public health issues.
• Coal vs. Charcoal:

  • Coal is naturally occurring.
  • Charcoal is man-made.