practical research

• "Human are curious creatures, and our curiosity drives a search for explanations"
• Research- the process of systematic inquiry that describes a phenomenon
• Research

  • supports existing facts
  • predicts an outcome
  • set new subjects for further studies and investigations
• "research examines areas not explored requires data collection and analysis to address and answer research questions"
• Characteristics of research

  • recursive
  • needs adequate data from various sources
  • objective and empirical
  • logical
  • demands higher thinking skills
  • replicable or reproducible
  • seeks solutions
• Variable

  • measurable attribute that varies from subject to subject
  • changes over time
• Nominal- individual items belong to specific distinct changes

  • cannot quantify or even rank order the categories
• Dichotomous

  • nominal variables
  • two classifications
• Polychotomous

  • more than two categories
  • can be unordered and ordered
• Ordinal

  • they can be ordered (ranked)
  • differences between items are not meaningful
• Discrete Variables

  • obtained from counting
  • fixed a or finite number
• Continuous Variables

  • obtained from measurement
  • have an infinite number of possible valuables
• Interval

  • possesses and order similar to ordinal scale
  • additional property
  • having equal intervals
  • meaningful amounts
  • difference between values
• Ratio

  • similar to interval
  • acquires all its properties
• Interval has the inherent zero starting point
• Independent Variable

  • variable under examination manipulated
  • affect the outcome of dependent variable
• Dependent Variable

  • being measured
  • result of the influence or effect of the independent variable