genchem5

    Cards (31)

    • What are ionic compounds characterized by?
      The transfer of electrons, leading to strong electrostatic attractions between ions.
    • What physical properties are associated with ionic compounds?
      High melting and boiling points, and good electrical conductivity in molten or dissolved states.
    • What do covalent compounds involve?
      The sharing of electrons.
    • What are the typical physical properties of covalent compounds?
      Lower melting and boiling points, and generally poor electrical conductivity.
    • What is the IUPAC rule for naming ionic compounds?
      • Start with a cation
      • Followed by an anion
    • What are monatomic cations?
      Ions formed from a single atom that has lost one or more electrons.
    • How do metals typically form monatomic cations?
      By losing electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
    • How is the charge of a cation determined?
      The charge is equal to the number of electrons lost.
    • If a metal atom loses two electrons, what is the charge of the resulting cation?
      +2 charge.
    • What are the rules for naming monatomic cations?
      1. Use the element's name followed by "ion."
      2. No Roman numerals for main group metals (groups 1, 2, and 13).
    • What are polyatomic cations?
      Ions composed of more than one atom that collectively carry a positive charge.
    • How are polyatomic cations typically held together?
      By covalent bonds, acting as a single charged entity in ionic compounds.
    • What is the structure of polyatomic cations?
      They consist of multiple atoms bonded together, forming a unit with an overall positive charge.
    • How is the positive charge of a polyatomic cation determined?
      By the loss of electrons in the formation process.
    • Why is it important to specify the charge of transition metals when naming them?
      Because they can lose different numbers of electrons to form cations with various charges.
    • What is the convention for indicating the charge of transition metal cations?
      Use Roman numerals in parentheses.
    • What is the purpose of using Roman numerals in naming transition metal cations?
      To provide a clear indication of the charge on the ion.
    • How does the use of Roman numerals maintain consistency in chemical literature?
      It ensures that the specific ion is accurately identified.
    • What are the rules for naming transition metal cations?
      1. Identify the metal and its possible oxidation states.
      2. Determine the charge of the metal ion based on its oxidation state.
      3. Use Roman numerals to indicate the charge.
      4. Append “ion” to the metal name.
    • What are monatomic anions?
      Ions formed from a single atom that has gained one or more electrons.
    • How are monatomic anions named?
      By using the root name of the nonmetal element and adding "ide."
    • What is the optional step when naming monatomic anions?
      Specifying the charge, though it's generally not included in the name.
    • What are polyatomic anions?
      Ions composed of more than one atom carrying a negative charge.
    • What is a common feature of polyatomic anions?
      They typically involve oxygen along with one or more other elements.
    • What are the steps for naming polyatomic anions?
      1. Identify the polyatomic anion and its components.
      2. Use specific names derived from the elements involved.
      3. Common suffixes:
      • "ate": Most common oxyanion form.
      • "ite": Oxyanion with one less oxygen than "ate."
      • Prefixes: "per-" for one more oxygen, "hypo-" for one less oxygen.
    • What is a binary ionic compound?
      A compound formed by combining monatomic cations and monatomic anions.
    • What are the steps for naming binary ionic compounds?
      1. Identify the cation (metal) and anion (non-metal).
      2. Name the cation first, including charge in Roman numerals if applicable.
      3. Name the anion second, using the root name and adding "-ide."
    • What is the chemical formula for sodium chloride?
      NaCl.
    • What is the chemical formula for magnesium oxide?
      MgO.
    • What is the chemical formula for calcium chloride?
      CaCl₂.
    • What is the crisscross rule for writing the chemical formula of ionic compounds?
      1. Set the charge number of the ion as the subscript of the other ion.
      2. A subscript of one (1) is not explicitly written.
      3. If no subscript is present, it is understood to be one (1).
      4. If subscripts are reducible, express them in the simplest ratio.
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