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Cards (25)
What
happens
to substances in a chemical reaction?
A
substance
(or substances) is
converted
to
one
or
more
new
substances
.
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What does the law of conservation of mass state?
No atoms are
created
or
destroyed
; they are just
rearranged.
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How do chemists communicate chemical reactions?
They
represent
chemical
reactions
through chemical
equations.
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Where are reactants placed in a chemical equation?
Reactants are placed on the
left
side.
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Where are products placed in a chemical equation?
Products are placed on the
right
side.
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What does the arrow in a chemical equation indicate?
An arrow points
towards
the direction of the reaction.
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Why must a chemical equation be balanced?
To ensure the
same
number and
types
of
atoms
appear on
both
sides of the equation.
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What are coefficients in a chemical equation?
Coefficients
are numbers preceding the chemical formula used to
balance
the equation.
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What are reactants in a chemical reaction?
Compounds
or
elements
needed in the reaction
Undergo
chemical change
during the reaction
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What does "yield" mean in chemical reactions?
Means to "
produce
" or "
form
"
Usually represented by an
arrow
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What are products in a chemical reaction?
End
results of the reaction
Compounds
produced in a chemical reaction
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What are the different styles of yields arrows in chemical equations?
1.
Forward
arrow (→) - general reaction
2.
Equilibrium
arrow (⇌) - reversible process
3.
Resonance
arrow (↔) - resonance structures
4.
Theoretical
arrow (⇢) - theoretical process
5.
Retrosynthetic
arrow (⇒) - potential pathways from reactants to products
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What do subscripts in a chemical formula represent?
Subscripts represent how many
atoms
of each
element
are present in a molecule.
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What do coefficients represent in a chemical reaction?
Coefficients represent how many
molecules
of a specific chemical compound are present in the
reaction.
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What is a combination reaction?
Also
known as a
synthesis
reaction
Two or more
substances
combine to form a single new
substance
General form: A +
B
→
AB
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Give an example of a combination reaction.
2Na(s) + Cl2(g) →
2NaCl(s)
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What is a decomposition reaction?
A reaction in which a compound
breaks
down into
two
or more simpler substances
General form:
AB
→
A
+
B
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Give an example of a decomposition reaction.
2HgO(s) →
2Hg(l)
+
O2(g)
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What is a single-replacement reaction?
A reaction in which one element
replaces
a
similar element
in a
compound
General form:
A
+
BC
→
AC
+
B
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What is a double-replacement reaction?
A reaction in which the
positive
and
negative
ions of two ionic compounds
exchange
places
General form:
AB
+
CD
→
AD
+
CB
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What is a combustion reaction?
A reaction in which a substance reacts with
oxygen gas
Releases
energy
in the form of light and heat
Must involve
O2
as one reactant
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What is the first rule in balancing chemical formulas?
Identify
reactants
and
products
and write their correct
formulas.
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What is the second rule in balancing chemical formulas?
Balance the equation by
changing
the
coefficients
of the reactants or products.
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What is the third rule in balancing chemical formulas?
Check to make sure that the number of each type of atom is the
same
on each side of the equation.
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What are the steps in balancing chemical formulas using the algebraic method?
1. Assign
unknown
coefficients with letters.
2. Equate the
number
of participating elements in both sides.
3.
Substitute
the equivalent number of first coefficient to the next equation.
4. If values are in fraction, choose a number to
multiply
to become a
whole
number.
5. Replace letter coefficients with these values after getting the whole
number ratio.
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