what are carbohydrates, lipids and proteins made of

• What are the three types of molecules discussed in this lesson?

  Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
• What do we call molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?

  Biological molecules and nutrients
• What are biological molecules?

  Molecules found in living organisms, produced by cells
• What are nutrients?


  Substances needed for growth, repair, and metabolism
• What is the aim of this lesson?

  To understand what each of these molecules are made of
• What are carbohydrates made from?

  Atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• What are the smallest carbohydrates called?

  Simple sugars, such as glucose and fructose
• What do we call carbohydrate monomers?

  Monomers
• What can carbohydrate monomers join together to form?

  Carbohydrate polymers, such as glycogen and starch
• What happens in a complex carbohydrate?

  There are chemical bonds between the monomers
• What occurs when the chemical bonds in complex carbohydrates are broken?

  The complex carbohydrate can be broken down into simple carbohydrates
• What is an example of a complex carbohydrate that can be broken down into simple carbohydrates?

  Starch
• What carries out the breakdown of complex carbohydrates into simple carbohydrates?

  Enzymes in the mouth and small intestine
• What are proteins made up of?

  Long chains of amino acids bonded together
• What are amino acids in relation to proteins?

  Amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins
• What atoms are amino acids mainly made from?

  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
• What breaks proteins down into amino acids?

  Enzymes in the stomach and small intestine
• What does the term 'lipids' refer to?

  Both fats and oils
• How is a fat defined in terms of its state at room temperature?

  A fat is a lipid that's solid at room temperature
• How is an oil defined in terms of its state at room temperature?

  An oil is a lipid that's liquid at room temperature
• What is the structure of lipids?

  They contain a single glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acid molecules
• What determines whether a lipid is a fat or an oil?

  The length and structure of the fatty acid molecules
• What atoms are lipids made of?

  Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• Why are lipids not considered polymers?

  Because they aren't formed from long chains of monomers
• What is a key difference between lipids and carbohydrates/proteins?

  Lipids are not polymers, while carbohydrates and proteins are polymers
• What enzymes are responsible for breaking lipids down inside the body?

  Enzymes in the small intestine