Origins of Psychology

• What is the definition of science according to the study material?

  Gaining knowledge through the use of objective factual investigation
• Who is considered the 'Father of Psychology'?

  Wilhelm Wundt
• In what year did Wundt open the first experimental psychology lab?

  1879
• How did psychology emerge according to the study material?

  Psychology emerged as its own discipline separate from philosophy
• What did Wundt argue about human experiences?

  He argued that human experiences should be analyzed in components such as sensations, emotions, and reactions
• What method did Wundt promote for studying the human mind?

  He promoted the use of introspection
• What is Wundt's role in the development of psychology?

  • Known as the 'Father of Psychology'
  • Moved from philosophical roots to controlled research
  • Set up the first psychology laboratory in Germany (Leipzig, 1879)
  • Promoted introspection for studying mental processes
  • Argued for analyzing human experiences in terms of components (sensations, emotions, reactions)
  • His work influenced cognitive psychologists studying thought and mental processes
• What does introspection focus on?

  Introspection focuses on present experiences
• How is an individual's conscious experience analyzed in introspection?

  It is systematically analyzed by focusing on an object and looking inwards
• What is the process of introspection when focusing on an object like a metronome?

  Focus on the object and note sensations, feelings, and images
• What are the components of analysis in introspection?

  • Thoughts
  • Images
  • Sensations
• What was Wundt's approach to increasing the validity of introspection?

  He tried to use objective, controlled lab settings with the same equipment
• What is a limitation of introspection mentioned in the study material?

  It is still subjective and cannot observe mental processes directly
• What is social desirability bias in the context of introspection?

  It refers to the tendency to respond in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others, decreasing validity