chemistry equations

• moles

  mass /Mr (relative atomic mass)
• Avogadro’s number

  6.02 x 10²³
• concentration

  = mass (g)/ volume (dm³)
• concentration

  = moles (mol) /volume (dm³)
• moles = concentration x volume in dm³
• 1 mole of any gas has a volume of 24dm³
• 1dm³ = ?cm³

  1dm³ = 1000cm³
• percentage yield

  Mass of product actually made /Maximum theoretical mass of product × 100
• atom economy

  Relative formula mass of desired product from equation /Sum of relative formula masses of all reactants from equation × 100
• Energy change in a reaction

  Total energy needed to - Total energy released when break the bonds bonds in the products in reactants are formed
• Mean rate of reaction

  = quantity of reactant used /time taken
• mean rate of reaction (2)

  quantity of product formed /time taken
• Chromatography

  Rf = distance moved by substance /distance moved by solvent