History crime and punishment

• What is a common perception of homeless people by the settled population?

  They are often viewed as lazy.
• What action did homeless individuals resort to due to their situation?

  They resorted to stealing.
• Who allowed the benefit of clergy to non-clergy individuals?

  Henry 8th
• What does the term 'benefit of clergy' refer to?

  A legal privilege that allowed clergy to be tried in church courts instead of secular courts
• What was the consequence of being 'once-branded'?

  It indicated that an individual had been previously convicted of a crime
• What year did the American War of Independence occur?

  1776
• Hulk ships


  Disease death
• End of transportation

  1868
• When were the bow street runners established and where?

  1749 London
• Who established the Bow Street Runners and who took over?

  Henry Fielding then half brother John in 1754
• What position did Henry Fielding hold?

  Chief magistrate at Bow Street Court
• How were the initial fees for services handled by the establishment in London?

  They charged fees and collected rewards
• How did the payment structure change by 1785 for the Bow street runners?

  They were paid by the government
• What development occurred in modern detective work in London?

  They branched out to mounted patrols
• What was a key feature of crime management in London?

  They shared information through an intelligence network
• What were the key developments in London's crime management from its establishment to 1785?

  • Established in 1749 by Henry Fielding
  • Initially charged fees and collected rewards
  • By 1785, funded by the government
  • Developed modern detectives and mounted patrols
  • Created an intelligence network for sharing information
• What was introduced in the 17th century regarding import tax?

  An import tax was introduced on goods such as tea and brandy.
• Why did smuggling occur during the 17th century?

  Smuggling occurred to avoid paying the import tax on goods.
• What are the characteristics of social crime in the context of smuggling?

  • Difficult to enforce punishment
  • Challenges in defending borders at sea
• What types of goods were commonly smuggled to avoid taxes?

  Goods such as tea and brandy were commonly smuggled.
• What was a significant challenge in enforcing laws against smuggling?

  It was very difficult to enforce punishment for smuggling.
• What were the implications of smuggling on border defense during the 17th century?

  Defending borders at sea was a significant challenge due to smuggling activities.
• What was the effect of increased taxes on imported goods?

  They made imported goods so expensive.
• What was a consequence of the high prices of imported goods?

  Smugglers made large profits.
• What is the case study mentioned in relation to smuggling?

  • Hawkhurst Gang
• Why was it difficult to police smuggling activities?

  Because smuggling was a social crime.
• What type of crime is theft classified as?

  Common crime.
• How has technology impacted crime?

  It has given criminals new ways to commit crimes.
• What was illegal regarding horse-drawn coaches and alcohol?

  It was illegal to drive a horse-drawn coach while drunk.
• What are some examples of modern crimes mentioned?

  • Cybercrime (theft, fraud, extortion)
  • Terrorism
  • People trafficking
  • Drug smuggling
  • Driving offences
• What was the impact of the 1723 Waltham Black Act?

  It made poaching a capital crime.
• What actions were illegal under the 1723 Waltham Black Act?

  It was illegal to carry snares and own a hunting dog in public area
• What type of crime is poaching classified as after the 1723 Waltham Black Act?

  Capital crime.
• What are some reasons people are conscientious objectors?

  Religious, moral, and political reasons
• What term is used for individuals who refuse to join the armed forces?

  Cowards
• What is the consequence of not joining the armed forces when conscription is in place?

  It is illegal not to join and individuals can be tried by tribunals
• What is a common form of propaganda used during wartime?

  White feathers
• What is considered a crime against the person?

  Murder assault rape public disorder
• What are some examples of crimes against property?

  Arson and theft
• What are two examples of crimes against the state?

  Treason and rebellion