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Laiba Rehman
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Cards (58)
What are centrioles composed of?
Hollow
cylinders containing a ring of
microtubules
arranged at right angles to each other
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What is the role of centrioles in the cell?
They are involved in producing
spindle fibres
for
cell division
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What are ribosomes composed of?
Two subunits
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What is the primary function of ribosomes?
They are the site of
protein production
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What do lysosomes contain?
Digestive
enzymes
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What is the structure of lysosomes?
They are
vesicles
bound by a
single
membrane
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What is the composition of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
Made of
peptidoglycan
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What is the function of the capsule in prokaryotic cells?
It helps the cell to retain
moisture
and
adhere
to surfaces
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What is a
plasmid
?
A circular piece of
DNA
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What is the function of the flagellum in prokaryotic cells?
It
rotates
to
move
the cell
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What are pili?
Hair-like
structures that attach to other
bacterial
cells
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What are mesosomes?
Infoldings of the inner membrane which contain
enzymes
required for
respiration
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What are viruses composed of?
Nucleic
acid enclosed in a protective protein coat called the
capsid
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What is the function of the lipid layer in some viruses?
It serves as an
envelope
that can
protect
the virus
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How are cells organized in multicellular organisms?
Cells are organized into
tissues
Tissues are organized into
organs
Organs are organized into
systems
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What is the process of cell division called?
Mitosis
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What is the role of mitosis in the cell cycle?
To produce
identical
daughter cells for growth and
asexual reproduction
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What is the outcome of mitosis in terms of genetic variation?
It does
not
give rise to
genetic variation
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What are the three stages of the cell cycle?
Mitosis
Four stages: prophase, metaphase,
anaphase
,
telophase
Interphase
Cell grows and
prepares
to divide
Chromosomes
and some organelles are replicated
Chromosomes begin to
condense
Cytokinesis
Parent and replicated organelles move to
opposite
sides
Cytoplasm
divides, producing
two
daughter cells
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What is the shape of
prokaryotic DNA
?
Short
and
circular
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Where is prokaryotic DNA located?
In the
cytoplasm
, free and not associated with
proteins
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What is the composition of the prokaryotic cell wall?
Contains
murein
, a
glycoprotein
or peptidoglycan
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What is the function of the prokaryotic cell wall?
Prevents
osmotic
lysis and provides
rigidity
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What is the structure of the cell surface membrane in prokaryotic cells?
It is a
phospholipid bilayer
with embedded
proteins
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What is the function of the
cell surface membrane
?
Controls the
passage
of
substances
across the membrane
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What is the size of small ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?
70S
size
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What is the role of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?
Responsible for
protein synthesis
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What is the function of a simple flagellum in prokaryotic cells?
Responsible for the
movement
of the cell
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What are plasmids in prokaryotic cells?
Small
loops
of
DNA
that can replicate independently
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How can plasmids be used in genetic engineering?
They can pass on
genetic
information via
conjugation
to other bacteria
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What is the function of the capsule in prokaryotic cells?
Provides protection from
desiccation
and
phagocytes
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What is the role of the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells?
It is a solution where many
dissolved molecules
are found
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What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells regarding organelles?
Prokaryotic cells do not have
membrane-bound
organelles
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How do prokaryotic cells exchange substances?
Through
passive
and active transport across the
cell membrane
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What is the significance of the murein in the cell wall of prokaryotic cells?
It provides
structural
support and
rigidity
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What is the primary component of the prokaryotic cell membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer
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What is the role of the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells?
It is the site of many
metabolic
reactions
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What is the structure of the plasma membrane?
It is made of a
phospholipid bilayer
that contains embedded
proteins.
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What is the function of the plasma membrane?
It is
selectively permeable
and involved in
cell identification.
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What does the nucleus contain?
It contains
chromosomes
, which are long DNA molecules associated with
histone
proteins.
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