cells

Cards (58)

  • What are centrioles composed of?
    Hollow cylinders containing a ring of microtubules arranged at right angles to each other
  • What is the role of centrioles in the cell?
    They are involved in producing spindle fibres for cell division
  • What are ribosomes composed of?
    Two subunits
  • What is the primary function of ribosomes?
    They are the site of protein production
  • What do lysosomes contain?
    Digestive enzymes
  • What is the structure of lysosomes?
    They are vesicles bound by a single membrane
  • What is the composition of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
    Made of peptidoglycan
  • What is the function of the capsule in prokaryotic cells?
    It helps the cell to retain moisture and adhere to surfaces
  • What is a plasmid?

    A circular piece of DNA
  • What is the function of the flagellum in prokaryotic cells?
    It rotates to move the cell
  • What are pili?
    Hair-like structures that attach to other bacterial cells
  • What are mesosomes?
    Infoldings of the inner membrane which contain enzymes required for respiration
  • What are viruses composed of?
    Nucleic acid enclosed in a protective protein coat called the capsid
  • What is the function of the lipid layer in some viruses?
    It serves as an envelope that can protect the virus
  • How are cells organized in multicellular organisms?
    • Cells are organized into tissues
    • Tissues are organized into organs
    • Organs are organized into systems
  • What is the process of cell division called?
    Mitosis
  • What is the role of mitosis in the cell cycle?
    To produce identical daughter cells for growth and asexual reproduction
  • What is the outcome of mitosis in terms of genetic variation?
    It does not give rise to genetic variation
  • What are the three stages of the cell cycle?
    1. Mitosis
    • Four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
    1. Interphase
    • Cell grows and prepares to divide
    • Chromosomes and some organelles are replicated
    • Chromosomes begin to condense
    1. Cytokinesis
    • Parent and replicated organelles move to opposite sides
    • Cytoplasm divides, producing two daughter cells
  • What is the shape of prokaryotic DNA?

    Short and circular
  • Where is prokaryotic DNA located?
    In the cytoplasm, free and not associated with proteins
  • What is the composition of the prokaryotic cell wall?
    Contains murein, a glycoprotein or peptidoglycan
  • What is the function of the prokaryotic cell wall?
    Prevents osmotic lysis and provides rigidity
  • What is the structure of the cell surface membrane in prokaryotic cells?
    It is a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
  • What is the function of the cell surface membrane?

    Controls the passage of substances across the membrane
  • What is the size of small ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?
    70S size
  • What is the role of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?
    Responsible for protein synthesis
  • What is the function of a simple flagellum in prokaryotic cells?
    Responsible for the movement of the cell
  • What are plasmids in prokaryotic cells?
    Small loops of DNA that can replicate independently
  • How can plasmids be used in genetic engineering?
    They can pass on genetic information via conjugation to other bacteria
  • What is the function of the capsule in prokaryotic cells?
    Provides protection from desiccation and phagocytes
  • What is the role of the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells?
    It is a solution where many dissolved molecules are found
  • What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells regarding organelles?
    Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles
  • How do prokaryotic cells exchange substances?
    Through passive and active transport across the cell membrane
  • What is the significance of the murein in the cell wall of prokaryotic cells?
    It provides structural support and rigidity
  • What is the primary component of the prokaryotic cell membrane?
    Phospholipid bilayer
  • What is the role of the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells?
    It is the site of many metabolic reactions
  • What is the structure of the plasma membrane?
    It is made of a phospholipid bilayer that contains embedded proteins.
  • What is the function of the plasma membrane?
    It is selectively permeable and involved in cell identification.
  • What does the nucleus contain?
    It contains chromosomes, which are long DNA molecules associated with histone proteins.