history- cold war

• Capitalism


  an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state
• Communism


  A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.
• The grand alliance


  the alliance between the United Kingdom, United States, and the Soviet Union against Nazi Germany during World War II
• Yalta conference (when,who?)


  Date: February 1945

  Who? Winston Churchill (UK), Josef stalin (USSR), Franklin Roosevelt (USA)
• yalta agreements


  - Germany was to be divided into four zones, one for each of the allied powers

  - Berlin fell into the soviet zone but would Be divided and split into four

  - Stalin agreed to enter war against japan

  - The un (United Nations) would be formed to ensure future national cooperation

  - the declaration of liberated Europe was signed

  - agreed to hunt down Nazi war criminals responsible for genocide
• yalta disagreements


  - Stalin wanted a buffer zone, they opposed

  - who held power in europe
• potsdam conference (when,who?)


  date: July-aug 1945

  who: harry truman (USA),clement Attlee (UK), Josef Stalin (USSR)
• potsdam agreements


  -Germany was to be divided, as discussed at yalta

  -democracy to be re-established in Germany

  -Poland was to lose territory in the east to USSR

  -Germans living in czechoslavakia, Poland and Hungary to return to Germany
• Potsdam disagreements


  -Stalin wanted Germany to pay reparations to the USSR, truman and Attlee opposed this

  -truman and Attlee wanted Eastern European countries to be independent and hold free elections
• Atomic bomb in hiroshima


  6th August 1945

  -devastated 5 square miles

  -destroyed 60% of the cities buildings

  -killed 140,000 people
• Atomic bomb in Nagasaki


  August 9, 1945

  -killed 74,000 people
• Consequences of the atom bombs


  -end of the grand alliance

  -mutual suspicion and distrust

  -obvious power trip dynamic

  -Stalin saw it as a way to intimidate the USSR

  -boosted status of USA

  -encouraged the arms race
• When was the Long Telegram sent?


  February 22, 1946
• Who sent the Long Telegram to Truman?


  Kennan, the American ambassador in Moscow
• What did Stalin call for in the speech mentioned in the Long Telegram?


  Destruction of capitalism and no peace with the USA
• What was Russia doing in terms of military power as mentioned in the Long Telegram?


  Building military power
• The nokikov telegram


  -Stalin received a telegram from nokikov, his Russian ambassador in Washington

  -he said: America desired to dominate the world and they were prepared for war
• Soviet expansion


  -the idea of USSR spreading communism around Europe. Stalin wanted a buffer zone and a sphere of influence in eastern europe
• Satellite states


  under heavy political, economic and military influence by the USSR

  -Albania

  -east Germany

  -Bulgaria

  -Romania

  -Poland

  -Hungary

  -czechoslavakia
• When was the Iron Curtain speech delivered?


  5th March 1946
• Where was the Iron Curtain speech delivered?

  Fulton, Missouri
• Who delivered the Iron Curtain speech?


  Winston Churchill (no longer in power in the UK)
• What does the term 'iron curtain' symbolize?


  Extreme political and ideological division between the USA and the USSR
• How did Stalin interpret the 'iron curtain' metaphor?


  As a way to label the USSR as aggressive and untrustworthy
• What is the significance of the Truman Doctrine?


  It was announced on 12th March 1947.

  He said:

  -that the USA would not return to isolationism and would play a leading role in the world

  -the term 'cold war' was used for the first time by trumans advisors

  -stalin saw it as a direct threat to communism

  -truman made it clear that the world was divided
• What was the main aim of the Truman Doctrine?


  It aimed to stop the spread of communism through containment.
• What concept drove the policy of the Truman Doctrine?


  The 'domino theory', which suggested that countries would fall into communism like dominos.
• Who proposed the Marshall Aid?


  George Marshall, Secretary of State
• When was the Marshall Aid proposed?


  April 1948
• What was the main aim of the Marshall Aid?


  To help economies in Europe recover
• How much money was poured into Europe through the Marshall Aid?


  17 billion dollars
• How many countries accepted the Marshall Aid?


  16 countries
• How much money did the UK receive through the Marshall Aid?


  3.2 billion dollars
• How did Stalin react to the Marshall Aid?


  Stalin refused the aid and banned all Eastern European countries from accepting it.
• What term did Stalin use to describe the Marshall Aid?


  Stalin referred to it as 'dollar imperialism'.
• When was Cominform established?


  1947
• What was the purpose of Cominform?


  To spread Stalin's ideas of communism
• What type of alliance was Cominform?


  An alliance of communist countries
• What was the possible reason for the establishment of Cominform?


  It may have been a response to Marshall Aid
• When was Comecon established?


  1949