Geography

• What are natural hazards?


  Natural hazards are natural events that have the potential to cause harm to humans and the environment.
• How can natural hazards be classified?

  Natural hazards can be classified into geological, meteorological, hydrological, and biological hazards.
• What are examples of geological hazards?

  Examples of geological hazards include earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides.
• What are examples of meteorological hazards?

  Examples of meteorological hazards include hurricanes, tornadoes, and extreme temperatures.
• What are examples of hydrological hazards?

  Examples of hydrological hazards include floods and tsunamis.
• What are examples of biological hazards?

  Examples of biological hazards include disease outbreaks and insect plagues.
• What factors can affect the impact of natural hazards?


  The impact of natural hazards can vary based on magnitude, frequency, and the vulnerability of affected areas.
• What are the two main types of tectonic hazards?

  • Earthquakes
  • Volcanoes
• What causes earthquakes?

  Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust.
• How are earthquakes measured?

  Earthquakes are measured using the Richter scale or Moment magnitude scale.
• What are the effects of earthquakes?

  Earthquakes can cause ground shaking, landslides, and tsunamis.
• What are volcanoes?

  Volcanoes are openings in the Earth's crust where magma, ash, and gases erupt.
• What are the types of volcanoes?


  The types of volcanoes include shield, composite, and cinder cone volcanoes.
• What are the effects of volcanic activity?


  Volcanic activity can cause lava flows, ash falls, and pyroclastic flows.
• Where do earthquakes and volcanoes primarily occur?

  Earthquakes and volcanoes primarily occur along plate boundaries.
• What is climate change?


  Climate change refers to long-term shifts in global weather patterns and average temperatures.
• What are the natural causes of climate change?

  Natural causes of climate change include volcanic eruptions and changes in Earth's orbit.
• What are the human activities contributing to climate change?


  Human activities contributing to climate change include burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes.
• What are the effects of climate change?

  Effects of climate change include rising global temperatures, sea level rise, extreme weather events, and changes in ecosystems and biodiversity.
• What are the mitigation strategies for climate change?


  • Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
  • Developing renewable energy sources
  • Improving energy efficiency
  • Reforestation and afforestation
• What are the adaptation strategies for climate change?


  • Building flood defenses
  • Developing drought-resistant crops
  • Improving early warning systems for extreme weather
• What are the social impacts of natural hazards?


  Social impacts include loss of life and injuries, displacement of populations, and disruption to education and healthcare services.
• What are the economic impacts of natural hazards?


  Economic impacts include damage to infrastructure and property, loss of livelihoods, and costs of recovery and reconstruction.
• What are the environmental impacts of natural hazards?


  Environmental impacts include destruction of habitats, changes in landscape, and pollution of air, water, and soil.
• What factors influence the severity of impacts from natural hazards?


  The severity of impacts depends on magnitude, frequency, level of development, preparedness, population density, and vulnerability of the region.
• What are tectonic plates?


  Tectonic plates are large sections of the Earth's lithosphere that move relative to one another.
• How many major tectonic plates are there?


  There are about 15 major tectonic plates.
• What drives the movement of tectonic plates?


  The movement of tectonic plates is driven by convection currents in the Earth's mantle.
• What are the types of plate boundaries?


  1. Convergent: Plates move towards each other
  2. Divergent: Plates move away from each other
  3. Transform: Plates slide past each other horizontally
• What happens at convergent plate boundaries?


  At convergent boundaries, plates move towards each other, forming mountains or subduction zones.
• What happens at divergent plate boundaries?


  At divergent boundaries, plates move away from each other, creating new crust, often at mid-ocean ridges.
• What happens at transform plate boundaries?


  At transform boundaries, plates slide past each other horizontally, often associated with earthquakes.
• What are weather hazards?

  Weather hazards are extreme meteorological events that can pose significant risks to human life, property, and the environment.
• What are the key types of weather hazards?

  1. Tropical storms (hurricanes, typhoons, cyclones)
  2. Tornadoes
  3. Extreme temperatures
  4. Droughts
  5. Severe thunderstorms
• What are tropical storms characterized by?

  Tropical storms are characterized by strong winds, heavy rainfall, and storm surges.
• How are tropical storms measured?

  Tropical storms are measured using the Saffir-Simpson scale.
• What are extreme temperatures?

  Extreme temperatures include heat waves and cold snaps that can lead to health issues and increased mortality rates.
• What are droughts?

  Droughts are prolonged periods of abnormally low rainfall that can impact agriculture, water supply, and ecosystems.
• What are severe thunderstorms?

  Severe thunderstorms can produce heavy rain, hail, and lightning, leading to flash flooding and wind damage.
• What factors influence the impact of weather hazards?

  Factors influencing the impact of weather hazards include intensity, duration, population density, infrastructure, preparedness, and early warning systems.