1994 election

• Responsible for 1994 Election

  • Nelson Mandela
  • Buthelezi
  • De Klerk
  • National Party Negotiators
  • ANC Negotiators
  • People of SA
  • Joe Slovo
  • SA Communist Party Leader + early MK member
  • Anti-apartheid political leader
  • Key in CODESA talks
  • Influence constitutional change up to '94 election
  • Power-sharing: Apartheid gov civil servants job guarantee; <20% deputy president, <5% government minister
  • Sunset Clause: Transitional Gov of National Unity
  • Got ANC to consider long-term benefit to short-terms power sharing
  • ANC + NP work together to force other parties to agree to interim constitution for elections in April '94
  • Buthelezi
  • Bantu/Zulu Leader but identified himself as leader of black SA
  • Rose to power in apartheid, accused of collaborating w/ regime to secure power
  • After Mandela release, Buthelezi claimed Zulu majority meant he should lead country
  • Initiated violence w/ Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) '90-94
• CODESA

  • Despite violence, talks held for new constitution + governance
  • De Klerk labeled 'traitor' by white extremists who boycotted
  • Opposition from PAC claimed talks sellout to whites
  • Began ‘91 on new constitution, democratic elections, homelands + provisional (interim) gov
  • Major political parties except Conservatives + PAC
  • NP + ANC disagree; De Klerk sought white veto
  • Ideas seemed good + agreed so CODESA 2 organised for ‘92
  • Breakdown:
  • Interim gov: ANC want 1 man, 1 vote; NP sought democracy minority veto
  • Disagreements on constitutional change percentages: NP wanted 70%, ANC 50% + fear of MK retaliation if ANC didn't get desired results
  • Boipatong ‘92
  • Bisho Massacre ‘92 prompted ANC-NP negotiations + talk restart, progress needed
  • MK + SACP leader killed over 1 person, 1 vote issue; turning point, still violence but Mandela call for calm
  • Some issues between ANC + NP but ultimately, ‘94 elections agreed upon + held