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Metabolic Pathways
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Lewis Macleod
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Cards (19)
What are metabolic pathways?
Integrated
and
controlled
pathways of enzyme-catalysed reactions within a
cell
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What types of steps can metabolic pathways have?
Reversible
steps,
irreversible
steps, and
alternative
routes
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What are the two types of reactions within metabolic pathways?
Anabolic
and
catabolic
reactions
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What do anabolic reactions do?
Build up large molecules from small molecules
and
require energy
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What do
catabolic reactions do
?
Break down
large
molecules into
smaller
molecules and
release
energy
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How are metabolic pathways controlled?
By the
presence
or
absence
of particular
enzymes
and the
regulation
of the rate of
reaction
of
key
enzymes
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What is the role of the active site of an enzyme?
It affects
activation energy
and the
affinity
of the substrate and
products
for the active site
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How do substrate and product concentrations affect enzyme reactions?
They influence the
direction
and
rate
of enzyme reactions
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What occurs during induced fit in enzymes?
The
active site changes shape
to
better fit the substrate after the substrate binds
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What is the
affinity
of substrate molecules for the active site?
Substrate molecules have a high
affinity
for the active site
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What is the affinity of products for the active site after the reaction?
Products
have a
low
affinity allowing them to
leave
the
active
site
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How can the direction of reversible metabolic reactions be influenced?
By the
presence
of a
substrate
or the
removal
of a
product
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What are the types of enzyme inhibition that control metabolic pathways?
Competitive
inhibition
Non-competitive
inhibition
Feedback
inhibition
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How do competitive inhibitors affect enzyme activity?
They
bind
at the
active site preventing
the
substrate from binding
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Can competitive inhibition be reversed?
Yes
, by
increasing substrate concentration
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How do non-competitive inhibitors affect enzyme activity?
They bind
away
from the active site and change the
shape
of the active site
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Can non-competitive inhibition be reversed by increasing substrate concentration?
No
, it cannot be reversed by
increasing
substrate concentration
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What is feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?
When the
end-product
reaches a critical
concentration
and
inhibits
an
earlier
enzyme
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What is the effect of feedback inhibition on the metabolic pathway?
It
blocks
the pathway and prevents further synthesis of the
end-product
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