WEIMAR GERMANY

• What historical period does the study material focus on for Germany?

  Germany from 1918 to 1945
• What was the first effect of the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II?

  An armistice and a peace treaty were created
• When did Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicate?

  On the 9th of November 1918
• What significant event occurred on the 11th of November 1918?

  The First World War ended with an armistice
• What treaty was signed on the 28th of June 1919?

  The Treaty of Versailles
• What type of government was established after the abdication of the Kaiser?

  A democratic republic known as the Weimar Republic
• What freedoms were secured by the Weimar Republic's constitution?

  Freedom of speech, religion, and the press
• Who was elected as the first president of the Weimar Republic?

  Friedrich Ebert
• How did the Treaty of Versailles affect the Weimar Republic?

  It weakened the government and led to accusations of betrayal
• What was the impact of proportional representation in the Weimar Republic?

  No party ever gained a majority in the Reichstag, leading to unstable coalitions
• How many governments did the Weimar Republic have from 1919 to 1923?

  11 governments
• What was Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution?

  It allowed the president to make laws without consulting the Reichstag
• How many times was Article 48 used in 1932?

  66 times
• What was the reaction of middle-class voters to the Weimar Republic?

  They disliked the liberal culture and wanted the Kaiser back
• What was the Kapp Putsch?

  An attempted coup to overthrow the Weimar government and restore the Kaiser
• What was the first effect of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?

  Germany was forced to pay 132 billion marks in reparations
• What was the limit placed on the German army by the Treaty of Versailles?

  100,000 troops
• What land did Germany lose as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?

  West Prussia and Alsace-Lorraine
• What was the War Guilt Clause in the Treaty of Versailles?

  Article 231, which made Germany take the blame for starting the war
• How did the Treaty of Versailles affect the popularity of the Weimar government?

  It caused the government to lose popularity and be labeled as "November criminals"
• What happened in the June 1920 elections regarding the governing party?

  The governing party lost over 60 seats
• What was the Spartacus Uprising?

  A communist uprising in January 1919 led by the Spartacus League
• What does the reliance on the Freikorps by the Weimar government indicate?

  It indicates the government's weakness and lack of support from the army
• What was the impact of the Spartacus Uprising on the Weimar government?

  It weakened the government's authority and trust among citizens
• What was the second effect of the Spartacus Uprising?

  It inspired extremist parties to grow their own armies
• How many political deaths occurred from 1919 to 1923?

  376 political deaths
• What was the Kapp Putsch's effect on the Weimar government?

  It further weakened the government's authority
• Who led the Kapp Putsch?

  Wolfgang Kapp
• What was the response of the army during the Kapp Putsch?

  The army refused to fire on the Freikorps members
• How did the Weimar government respond to the Kapp Putsch?

  They evacuated the government and encouraged a general strike
• What was the first effect of the French occupation of the Ruhr?

  The Weimar government paid striking workers to resist the French
• How did the French occupation of the Ruhr affect the Weimar government's popularity?


  It increased the government's popularity as they stood up to the French
• What was the second effect of the French occupation of the Ruhr?

  It led to hyperinflation in Germany
• What caused hyperinflation in Germany?

  Excessive printing of money due to economic struggles
• What was the price of bread in Germany from 1919 to 1923?

  It rose from 1 mark to 100,000 marks
• What was the effect of hyperinflation on the German mark?

  The German mark became nearly worthless
• How did hyperinflation affect foreign trade?

  It led to a decrease in foreign trade due to lack of trust in the currency
• What was the impact of hyperinflation on people's savings?

  Many people's savings became worthless
• Who introduced the Rentenmark and when?

  Chancellor Stresemann introduced it in September 1923
• What was the effect of the Rentenmark on the economy?


  It eventually stabilized the economy