How does obesity cause type 2 diabetes- How does it affect the body
Makes the body less resistant to insulin, so therefore it struggles to control the concentration of glucose in the blood
How does drinking an excessive amount of alcohol affect the brain?
Damages nerve cells in the brain, affecting brain function and causing it to lose volume
What is health?
The state of physical and mental well being
Give examples of disease interactions
Allergies triggered by immune reactions from a pathogen
Viruses living in cells that trigger cancers
Defects in the immune system making an individual more likely to catch a disease
Severe physical ill health leading to mental illness
What’s a malignant tumour?
A maligant tumour is cancer cells. They invade healthy tissues and spread to other parts of the body by travelling in the bloodstream, causing secondary tumours
What is a benign tumour?
A benign tumour doesn’t spread to other parts of the body and aren’t cancerous
What is cancer?
Uncontrol cell division and growth that forms a tumour
What are carcinogens?
Cancer causing chemicals
What does alcohol do to the liver? - Risk factor
Causes liver disease by damaging the liver cells
What are the risk factors for cancer?
Smoking, obesity, uv light
How does UV radiation cause cancer?
UV rays damage skin cells and cause the DNA to mutate
What lifestyle factors have an adverse effect on health?
Stress, smoking, lack of exercise, alcohol
What is a risk factor?
Something that increases the chance of getting a disease
What diseases is obesity a risk factor for?
Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease
What diseases are smoking a risk factor for?
Cardiovascular disease, lung disease, lung cancer
What disease is alcohol a risk factor for?
Liver disease
What are the risk factors for cancer?
Exposure to certain substances, ionising radiation, lack of exercise, unbalanced radiation, smoking, alcohol, genetics, age
Name 3 impacts of alcohol during pregnancy
Stillbirth, premature birth, learning and development problems
What is a tumour?
An abnormal mass of cells that form when cells undergo uncontrolled growth and division
What are characteristics of malignant tumours
They can lead to secondary tumours
The tumour cells can spread around the body in the blood
What is the role of the immune system?
To detect and destroy pathogens
What 3 categories can risk factors be divided in?
Genetics
Lifestyle factors
Substances in the body or environment
What are the effects of non communicable diseases in people? (social)
Families and friends may have to stop working
The disease will be costly for the NHS
Explain how smoking affect pregnancy (the baby)
Carbon monoxide that is carried in the blood leads the foetus to have a shortage of oxygen, meaning they will have growth problems leading to premature birth or still birth
Describe the possible effects of smoking on unborn babies
Low birth weight
Premature birth
Facial deformities
Describe the possible effects of drinking alcohol on unborn babies
Foetal alcohol syndrome
Behavioural or learning problems (brain damage)
True or false; benign tumours can form into malignant tumours
TRUE
Explain how genetic factors increase the chance of developing cancer
•People can inherit faulty genes that make you more susceptible to cancer
Mutations in the BRCA genes have been linked to an increased likelihood of developing breast cancer
Describe how a person with bowel cancer could also develop lung cancer
If the cancer cells are malignant they traveled from the tumour to the lungs by the blood causing a secondary tumor in the lungs
What is coronary heart disease?
Coronary heart disease is when layers of fatty material build up, causing the coronary arteries to become narrower. This reduces the flow of blood resulting in a lack of oxygen.