B7 Non-communicable diseases

    Cards (42)

    • what is a non-communicable disease?
      A non- communicable disease is a disease that cannot spread from one person to another
    • What is a communicable disease?
      A disease that can spread between people
    • List 3 risk factors for health
      •A poor diet
      • Constant stress
      •Life situations- e.g no access to medicine
    • How does smoking affect the body?
      Smoking damages the walls of arteries and the alveoli in the lining of the lungs.
    • What condition can obesity directly cause?
      Obesity can directly cause Type 2 diabetes.
    • What disease can excessive alcohol consumption cause?
      Excessive alcohol consumption can cause fatty liver, which can lead to liver failure.
    • What effect does excessive alcohol have on brain function?
      Excessive alcohol can damage nerve cells in the brain, causing loss of brain volume.
    • What lifestyle factors are linked to cardiovascular disease?
      A lack of exercise and a high-fat diet are linked to cardiovascular disease.
    • How does smoking affect the arteries?
      Damages the walls of the arteries
    • What does smoking do to the lungs
      Damages the cells in the lining of the lungs
    • How does obesity cause type 2 diabetes- How does it affect the body
      Makes the body less resistant to insulin, so therefore it struggles to control the concentration of glucose in the blood
    • How does drinking an excessive amount of alcohol affect the brain?
      Damages nerve cells in the brain, affecting brain function and causing it to lose volume
    • What is health?
      The state of physical and mental well being
    • Give examples of disease interactions
      • Allergies triggered by immune reactions from a pathogen
      • Viruses living in cells that trigger cancers
      • Defects in the immune system making an individual more likely to catch a disease
      • Severe physical ill health leading to mental illness
    • What’s a malignant tumour?
      A maligant tumour is cancer cells. They invade healthy tissues and spread to other parts of the body by travelling in the bloodstream, causing secondary tumours
    • What is a benign tumour?

      A benign tumour doesn’t spread to other parts of the body and aren’t cancerous
    • What is cancer?
      Uncontrol cell division and growth that forms a tumour
    • What are carcinogens?
      Cancer causing chemicals
    • What does alcohol do to the liver? - Risk factor
      Causes liver disease by damaging the liver cells
    • What are the risk factors for cancer?
      Smoking, obesity, uv light
    • How does UV radiation cause cancer?
      UV rays damage skin cells and cause the DNA to mutate
    • What lifestyle factors have an adverse effect on health?

      Stress, smoking, lack of exercise, alcohol
    • What is a risk factor?
      Something that increases the chance of getting a disease
    • What diseases is obesity a risk factor for?
      Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease
    • What diseases are smoking a risk factor for? 

      Cardiovascular disease, lung disease, lung cancer
    • What disease is alcohol a risk factor for?

      Liver disease
    • What are the risk factors for cancer?

      Exposure to certain substances, ionising radiation, lack of exercise, unbalanced radiation, smoking, alcohol, genetics, age
    • Name 3 impacts of alcohol during pregnancy
      Stillbirth, premature birth, learning and development problems
    • What is a tumour?
      An abnormal mass of cells that form when cells undergo uncontrolled growth and division
    • What are characteristics of malignant tumours
      • They can lead to secondary tumours
      • The tumour cells can spread around the body in the blood
    • What is the role of the immune system?

      To detect and destroy pathogens
    • What 3 categories can risk factors be divided in?
      • Genetics
      • Lifestyle factors
      • Substances in the body or environment
    • What are the effects of non communicable diseases in people? (social)
      • Families and friends may have to stop working
      • The disease will be costly for the NHS
    • Explain how smoking affect pregnancy (the baby)
      Carbon monoxide that is carried in the blood leads the foetus to have a shortage of oxygen, meaning they will have growth problems leading to premature birth or still birth
    • Describe the possible effects of smoking on unborn babies
      • Low birth weight
      • Premature birth
      • Facial deformities
    • Describe the possible effects of drinking alcohol on unborn babies
      • Foetal alcohol syndrome
      • Behavioural or learning problems (brain damage)
    • True or false; benign tumours can form into malignant tumours
      TRUE
    • Explain how genetic factors increase the chance of developing cancer
      • •People can inherit faulty genes that make you more susceptible to cancer
      • Mutations in the BRCA genes have been linked to an increased likelihood of developing breast cancer
    • Describe how a person with bowel cancer could also develop lung cancer
      If the cancer cells are malignant they traveled from the tumour to the lungs by the blood causing a secondary tumor in the lungs
    • What is coronary heart disease?
      Coronary heart disease is when layers of fatty material build up, causing the coronary arteries to become narrower. This reduces the flow of blood resulting in a lack of oxygen.