Sugars

• glycerol + 3 fatty acids →

  Lipid + 3H20 (Triglyceride)
• How do you test for sugars? What do you use? And what colour does it turn?

  Benedict's (heat),turns brick red
• What sugars are reducing sugars?

  Glucose, fructose, galactose & maltose
• What sugars are non-reducing?

  sucrose
• How do you test non-reducing sugars?

  If there is no positive test with Benedict's, heat with acid, re-test with Benedict's after
• What is the test for starch? And what colour does it turn?

  Iodine turns blue black
• Is starch a polymer of Alpha or beta glucose?

  Alpha
• What enzyme breaks starch into maltose ?

  amylase
• What enzyme breaks maltose into glucose?

  maltase
• Is starch branched or unbranched?

  Unbranched (it has 1-4 glycosidic bonds making it straight)
• Is glycogen a polymer of alpha or beta glucose?

  Alpha
• Is glycogen branched or unbranched?

  Branched (it has 1-4+1-6 glycosidic bonds)
• Is cellulose a polymer of alpha or beta glucose?

  Beta
• Is cellulose branched or unbranched?

  unbranched (it has 1-4 glycosidic bonds)
• What do starch, glycogen & cellulose all have in common?

  Large & insoluble
• What is the tests for lipids and what colour does it turn?

  SudanIII - red layer on top

  Ethanol - add ethanol

  -add water

  -shake ( turns a white emulsion )