Light independent reaction

• what is the enzyme involved in fixing carbon?

  rubisco
• What are the products of the Calvin Cycle mentioned in the study material?

  ATP, ADP, Starch, Fructose, Amino Acids, Fatty Acids, NADP
• How does the plant use the products of the Calvin Cycle?

  Plants use the products for proteins, lipids, and glucose in respiration
• What are the roles of the products from the Calvin Cycle in plants?

  • Proteins (nucleotides for DNA and RNA)
  • Lipids (phospholipid bilayer)
  • Sucrose (transport fluid in phloem)
  • Fatty acids
  • Glucose (used in respiration)
• What is the role of ATP in the Calvin Cycle?

  ATP provides energy for the reactions in the Calvin Cycle
• What is the role of NADP in the Calvin Cycle?

  NADP acts as an electron carrier in the Calvin Cycle
• What is the significance of starch in plants as a product of the Calvin Cycle?

  Starch serves as a storage form of energy in plants
• Why are amino acids important for plants as a product of the Calvin Cycle?

  Amino acids are essential for protein synthesis in plants
• How do fatty acids contribute to plant structure?

  Fatty acids are important components of lipids, which make up cell membranes
• What is the function of sucrose in plants?

  Sucrose acts as a transport fluid in the phloem
• What is the relationship between glucose and respiration in plants?

  Glucose is used as a substrate in cellular respiration to produce energy
• What is the term used for the process of fixing carbon in plants?

  Calvin cycle
• How many cycles are needed to fix enough carbon to make a hexose sugar?

  Six cycles
• What is the role of reduced NADP in the Calvin cycle?

  It is used as a reducing agent to convert 3-phosphoglycerate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
• What are the main products of the Calvin cycle?

  • Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
  • Glucose
  • Amino acids
  • Fatty acids
  • Starch
• What is the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle?

  Rubisco
• What is RuBP in the context of the Calvin cycle?

  Ribulose bisphosphate
• What is the significance of ATP in the Calvin cycle?

  ATP provides the energy required for the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
• What are the two main types of sugars produced in the Calvin cycle?

  Glucose and fructose
• How does the plant utilize the products of the Calvin cycle?

  The products are used for energy storage and as building blocks for other biomolecules.
• What are the key components involved in the Calvin cycle?

  • Carbon dioxide
  • RuBP (Ribulose bisphosphate)
  • Rubisco enzyme
  • ATP
  • NADPH
  • G3P (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
• What is the function of 3-phosphoglycerate in the Calvin cycle?

  It is an intermediate product formed during the fixation of carbon dioxide.
• What is the importance of starch in plants?

  Starch serves as a storage form of energy in plants.
• Calvin Cycle