Biology: non-communicable diseases

• What is the definition of coronary heart disease (CHD)?


  Coronary heart disease occurs when the coronary arteries become narrowed by the buildup of fatty material.
• How does coronary heart disease affect blood flow?

  It reduces the flow of blood, resulting in less oxygen for the heart muscle.
• What can result from reduced oxygen supply to the heart muscle?

  It can lead to heart attacks.
• What is health defined as?

  Health is the state of physical and mental well-being.
• What factors can affect health?

  Factors include communicable and non-communicable diseases, stress, and lifestyle situations.
• How can different types of diseases interact?

  Defects in the immune system can make an individual more likely to suffer from infectious diseases.
• What can a viral infection trigger?

  A viral infection can trigger depression and other illnesses.
• What is a risk factor?

  A risk factor is any aspect of your lifestyle or condition in your body that can increase the likelihood of a disease developing.
• What are some examples of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases?

  Examples include smoking, obesity, and excessive alcohol consumption.
• How does obesity affect health?

  Obesity can lead to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
• What can impaired liver function lead to?

  It can lead to liver disease and affect the body's ability to detoxify.
• What are malignant tumours?

  Malignant tumours are cancerous tumours that invade neighbouring tissues and spread to other parts of the body.
• What are benign tumours?

  Benign tumours are non-cancerous tumours that do not spread in the body.
• What is cancer the result of?

  Cancer is the result of changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division by mitosis.
• What can smoking lead to in terms of health risks?

  Smoking can lead to lung disease and various cancers.
• What are carcinogens?

  Carcinogens are substances that can cause cancer.
• What is the role of lifestyle changes in treating non-communicable diseases?

  Lifestyle changes can help manage risk factors such as poor diet, drinking alcohol, and smoking.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of treating cardiovascular diseases?

  Advantages:

  • Widens the artery, allowing more blood flow and oxygen to the heart
  • Less serious surgery
  • Effective in preventing CHD from developing
  • Allows control of blood flow to the heart
  • Long-term cure for faulty heart valves

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Can invoke major risks, including infection and blood loss
  • Possible side effects such as muscle pain, headaches, and sickness
  • Cannot cure CHD; patients must take tablets for many years
• What are key terms related to non-communicable diseases?

  • Artificial heart
  • Benign
  • Carcinogen
  • Cholesterol
  • Malignant
  • Risk factor
  • Statins
  • Coronary heart disease
  • Health