circulatory system

• What is the circulatory system also known as?

  Cardiovascular system
• What is the primary role of the circulatory system?

  To transport blood, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body
• How does the circulatory system help maintain homeostasis?

  By regulating the transport of essential substances and body temperature
• What type of system is the circulatory system?

  A closed system
• How does the circulatory system aid in fighting diseases?

  By transporting white blood cells
• What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

  To pump blood throughout the body
• What are the three main components of the circulatory system?

  Heart, blood vessels, and blood
• What are the types of blood vessels in the circulatory system?

  Arteries, veins, and capillaries
• What is the primary function of arteries?

  To carry blood away from the heart
• What distinguishes veins from arteries?

  Veins return blood to the heart and have thinner walls with valves
• What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

  To facilitate the exchange of substances between blood and body tissues
• What is the composition of blood?

  Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
• What is the role of white blood cells in the blood?

  To help fight infections and diseases
• What is the function of red blood cells?

  To carry oxygen to tissues
• What is the function of platelets in the blood?

  To help stop bleeding by aiding in blood clotting
• What are the key structures of the heart and their functions?

  - **Valves**: Ensure one-way blood flow - Septum: Divides the right and left sides of the heart - Myocardium: The muscular tissue of the heart
• What is plasma and what does it contain?


  Plasma is the liquid component of blood that contains water, proteins, hormones, nutrients, and waste products
• What are the characteristics of arteries?

  - Carry blood away from the heart - Have thick, elastic walls to withstand high pressure - Generally carry oxygenated blood (except pulmonary arteries)
• What are the characteristics of veins?

  - Return blood to the heart - Have thinner walls and valves to prevent backflow - Generally carry deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary veins)
• What are the functions of the components of blood?

  - **Plasma**: Liquid component carrying substances - Red blood cells: Carry oxygen - White blood cells: Fight infections - Platelets: Aid in blood clotting
• What are the characteristics of capillaries?

  - Tiny vessels connecting arteries and veins - Have very thin walls for easy exchange of substances - Site of gas, nutrient, and waste exchange with body tissues
• What is the size of the heart compared to a common object?

  About the size of a fist
• What type of tissue primarily composes the heart?

  Cardiac muscle
• Why is cardiac muscle tissue important for the heart?

  It allows the heart to contract and pump blood throughout the body
• What is the protective covering of the heart called?

  Pericardium
• What are the four main chambers of the heart?

  - Right atrium - Right ventricle - Left atrium - Left ventricle
• What is the function of the right atrium?

  It receives deoxygenated blood from the body
• How do the atria and ventricles differ in their function?

  Atria receive blood, while ventricles pump blood
• What does the left ventricle do?

  It pumps oxygenated blood to the body
• Which side of the heart handles oxygenated blood?

  The left side
• Which side of the heart handles deoxygenated blood?

  The right side
• What are the four main valves of the heart?

  - Tricuspid valve - Pulmonary valve - Mitral valve - Aortic valve
• What is the primary function of the heart valves?

  To ensure blood flows in the correct direction
• What happens if the aortic valve does not close properly?

  Blood would flow back into the left ventricle from the aorta
• Describe the path of blood flow through the heart.

  1. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium 2. Blood flows into the right ventricle 3. Right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs 4. Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium 5. Blood flows into the left ventricle 6. Left ventricle pumps blood to the body
• What is the significance of the septum in the heart?

  It separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
• What occurs during diastole in the cardiac cycle?

  The ventricles relax and fill with blood from the atria
• What happens during systole in the cardiac cycle?

  The ventricles contract, pumping blood to the lungs and body
• When does the "dub" sound occur in the cardiac cycle?

  At the end of ventricular systole
• What is the correct sequence of events in one cardiac cycle?

  Atrial systole, "lub" sound, ventricular systole, "dub" sound, diastole