cpar2

• What are the seven major art forms mentioned in the study material?

  Visual Arts, Literature, Music, Theater, Dance, Architecture, Film
• How is literature defined in the study material?

  Literature consists of written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit.
• What is poetry based on?

  Poetry is based on the interplay of words and rhythm.
• What elements does poetry often employ?

  Poetry often employs rhyme and meter.
• What is the purpose of words in poetry?

  Words in poetry are strung together to form sounds, images, and ideas that might be too complex or abstract to describe directly.
• What is the "bAgAY" movement in poetry?

  • A kind of poetry using colloquial language
  • Built on concrete images describing experiences
• What is an example of "bAgAY" poetry mentioned in the study material?

  A poem about a person deciding between Tondo and New York, affecting his whole being.
• Who wrote the poem "Valediction sa Hillcrest"?

  Rolando Tinio
• What languages are used in "Valediction sa Hillcrest"?


  The poem uses both Filipino and English.
• Who are the poets that started the "bAgAY" movement?

  1. Jose F. Lacaba
  2. Rolando Tinio
  3. Bienvenido Lumbera
  4. Antonio Samson
  5. Edmundo Martinez
• What subjects are commonly used in poetry?

  1. Search for love & identity
  2. Oppression
  3. Poet’s private worlds
• Who are some poets influenced by Western poets?

  1. Edith Tiempo
  2. Emmanuel Torres
  3. Dominador Ilio
• What is a short story?


  A short story is a brief fictional prose narrative that is shorter than a novel and usually deals with only a few characters.
• What is the focus of a short story according to the study material?

  The focus of a short story is on the self-consciousness and self-expression of the writer.
• Who are some English short story writers mentioned in the study material?

  1. N.V.M. Gonzales
  2. Nick Joaquin
  3. Alejandro Roces
  4. Francisco Arcellana
  5. Gregorio Brillantes
  6. Bienvenido Santos
  7. Edith Tiempo
• What is an example of Nick Joaquin's work provided in the study material?

  A poem that expresses longing and connection to the land and its people.
• What is the definition of a novel?

  A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally written in prose form, and typically published as a book.
• What themes continued in novels after World War II?

  Novels with sociopolitical themes continued, focusing on the search for identity.
• What is an essay?

  An essay is generally a piece of writing that gives the author's own argument.
• What are some common uses of essays?

  Essays are used for literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author.
• What is an example of an essay provided in the study material?

  An essay discussing Japan's surprise attack on the Philippines on December 8, 1941.
• What happened after the Japanese launched a surprise attack on the Philippines?

  Initial aerial bombardment was followed by landings of ground troops both north and south of Manila.
• Who commanded the defending Philippine and United States troops during the attack?

  General Douglas MacArthur commanded the defending troops.
• What was the outcome of the Philippine defense against the Japanese forces?

  The Philippine defense continued until the final surrender of United States-Philippine forces on the Bataan Peninsula in April 1942 and on Corregidor in May.
• What was the "Death March" mentioned in the study material?

  The "Death March" refers to the forced march of prisoners of war captured by the Japanese at Bataan to a prison camp.
• What did the Japanese military authorities do after occupying the Philippines?

  They began organizing a new government structure in the Philippines.
• What was the promise made by the Japanese regarding the Philippines after occupation?

  The Japanese promised independence for the islands after occupation.
• What was the reaction of the Philippine elite to Japanese occupation?


  Most of the Philippine elite served under the Japanese government.
• What was the major element of resistance in the Central Luzon area during the Japanese occupation?

  The major element of resistance was furnished by the Huks, Hukbalahap, or the People's Anti-Japanese Army.
• What was the outcome of MacArthur's Allied forces landing on Leyte?

  It initiated the push toward Manila and fierce fighting ensued.
• What was the estimated loss of life in the Philippines by the end of World War II?

  An estimated 1 million Filipinos had been killed by the end of the war.
• What was the condition of Manila by the end of World War II?

  Manila was extensively damaged by the time the war was over.