Hematology

• What are the function of blood?

  • Deliver Oxygen to the orgran thru Hemoglobin
  • Removes Carbon Dioxide
  • Endocrine System Regulation because blood can deliver hormones
  • Prevents Bleeding(Platelets)
  • Prevents Infection (WBC)(Inc. WBC - Infection or SLE)
  • Delivers Nutrients
• What is the Normal RBC Level?

  5.1million-6million
• What is the disease for decrease in RBC?

  Anemia
• What is the disease for Increase RBC?


  Polycythemia Vera an Autoimmune Disorder
• What is the Normal Level of Hemoglobin?


  ->10
• What is the function of Hemoglobin?

  Has Oxygen Carrying Capacity.
• What is the shape of RBC?

  -Round

  -Biconcave

  -Flexible.
• Diseases concerning in RBC Shape?

  -Sickle Cell Anemia- Cresent Moon Shape
• What is the difference of Polycytemia to Polycytemia Vera?


  Polycytemia is a COMPLICATION while Polycytemia Vera is a AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE.
• Decrease Hemoglobin means? 


  Hypoxia
• What is the normal size of Hemoglobin?

  3um-5um
• Disease in decrease size of Hemoglobin?

  Iron Deficiency Anemia
• Disease in increase size of Hemoglobin?

  -Megaloblastic Anemia

  -Pernicious Anemia (Vitamin B9 and B12)

  -Macrolytic Anemia
• Process of RBC Creation

  Stimulus->Decrease Oxygen in the body due to cell death (Hemolysis)->Brain will send signal to Kidney->Kidney will produce Erythropoeitin->Bone Marrow->Release Immature RBC->Liver releases Iron->Stomach releases Vit. B9-Vit. B12->Produces Mature RBC
• What is hemolysis?


  -Cell Death
• What is the life span of RBC?

  -120 Days
• Liver and Stomach will only produce Matured RBC if?

  -The RBC died naturally. Due to Hemolysis
• What is the function of Bone Marrow?

  -Supplier of the Blood

  -Site of Blood Creation
• Where you can do Bone Marrow Aspiration in Adult?

  -Posterior Iliac Crest(Flank Area)
• Where you can do Bone Marrow Aspiration in Pedia?

  -Tibia
• What is the diagnostic test for Bone Marrow?

  -Bone Marrow Aspiration/Biopsy
• Diseases in Bone Marrow Biopsy/Aspiration?

  -Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)

  -Acute Myelogenous (AML)

  -Multiple Myeloma (Bone Cancer)
• Tips to Remember in Bone Marrow Biopsy?

  -Sterile Technique

  -Watch Out For: Fever and Sore Throat
• What are the components of Blood Stem Cell?

  -Myeloid Stem Cell

  -Lymphoid Stem Cell
• Myeloid Stem Cell consist of?

  -RBC (Erythrocyte)

  -WBC (Leukocyte)

  -Platelet (Thrombocyte)
• Normal Value of WBC?

  -5,000-11,000
• Increase in WBC means?

  -Infection
• Normal Value of Platelet?

  -150,000-450,000
• Decrease in Platelets means?

  -Bleeding
• What is the Disease that targets Myeloid Stem Cell?


  -Myeloid Leukemia
• Lymphoid Stem Cell is consist of?

  -T Helper Cell

  -Natural Killer Cell

  -Macrophage
• What is the function of T Helper Cell?

  -Immunity Maturation

  -CD4

  -Support and Guide the Natural Killer Cell
• What is the function of Natural Killer Cell?

  -Blind Killer

  -Usually the reason of Autoimmune Disorder
• What is the function of Macrophage?

  -Cleaner of the debris
• What is the disease involving Lymphoid Stem Cell?

  -Lymphoid Leukemia
• What is the disease involving the whole blood stem cell?

  -Pancytopenia (Aplastic Anemia)
• What are the signs and symptoms of Pancytopenia(Aplastic Anemia)? IBAS

  I-Infection

  B-Bleeding

  A-Anemia

  S-Super Infection
• What are the Nursing Management for Leukemia?

  -Avoid Crowded Places

  -Low Microbial Diet(Well Cooked, Well Done and Fresh is NOT allowed)

  -Bleeding Precaution(Soft Bristle Toothbrush, Electric Razor, Avoid Contact Sport, No Aspirin, No Valsalva Manuever, Use Paper Tapes on Abrasion of the Skin)

  -Corticosterods

  -Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy
• What are the criteria for anemia?

  -Decrease in RBC Production

  -Increase in RBC Production
• What is Iron Deficiency Anemia?

  -Decrease Iron storage and production.